Anthocyanidin attenuates myocardial ischemia induced injury via inhibition of ROS-JNK-Bcl-2 pathway: New mechanism of anthocyanidin action.

Despite treatment options available to date, myocardial ischemia (MI) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Studies are focused on finding effective therapeutic strategies against MI injury. Growing interest has been developed in natural compounds possessing medicinal properties with scarcer side effects. Here, we have evaluated the cardioprotective potential of anthocyanidin against MI injury and explored its underlying protective mechanism. Left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to induce MI in mice. Neonatal mice cardiomyocytes were treated with H₂ O₂ to induce oxidative stress (a major contributor to MI injury) in vitro. Anthocyanidin pretreatment significantly reduced the infarct size, preserved the cell viability, and protected against ischemia-induced cardiac injury in treatment groups compared with the H₂ O₂ -treated group in vitro. Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) validated the strong antioxidant potential of anthocyanidin, as significant reduction in oxidative stress was observed in anthocyanidin-pretreated groups. Mechanistically, pretreatment with anthocyanidin significantly subdued the activation of JNK (to p-JNK) and elevated Bcl-2 levels. Both in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that anthocyanidin can induce a state of myocardial resistance against ischemic insult. We have provided the experimental evidence for inhibition of ROS/p-JNK/Bcl-2 pathway being the underlying mechanism of action of anthocyanidin. Our results support the use of anthocyanidin as therapeutic strategy against MI injury.