Chronic submandibular sialadenitis: ultrastructure and phosphatase histochemistry.

Eleven specimens of chronic submandibular sialadenitis were examined. A reduction in secretory material in acinar cells was seen with increasing atrophy until the acini resembled intercalary ducts. Myoepithelial cells and basement membrane were sometimes more conspicuous. Striated ducts showed a reduction of the folding of the plasma membranes in the basal part, and striated and excretory ducts showed a reduction in mitochondria. This possibly represents a functional atrophy secondary to reduced salivary flow. Very atrophic parenchyma largely consisted of simple cells. Phagosomes and apoptotic bodies were occasionally seen, and appear to be involved in the atrophy. Thiamine pyrophosphatase in the Golgi apparatus and acid phosphatase in the GERL were demonstrated in moderately atrophic parenchyma. This is similar to normal and indicates continuing synthetic activity. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in lysosomes, which appear to be involved in the atrophy by their role in phagy. Alkaline phosphatase was occasionally demonstrated at luminal surfaces, and is likely to be involved in resorption of obstructed luminal contents. The changes are similar to those seen in experimentally obstructed glands and indicate that much of the parenchyma survives by adaptation to the altered environment which forms the basis for the successful results following conservative therapy.