Combined application of selected heavy metals and EDTA reduced the growth of Petunia hybrida L.

Up till now, despite of well-developed ornamental market, very little information is available on Petunia hybrida L. tolerance against heavy metals (HMs), which can contribute in both beautification of urban dwellings, as well as potential in phytoremediation. Therefore, hydroponic study was conducted to check the effects of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb individually (50 and 100 μM) and with co-application of EDTA (2.5 mM) in Hoagland's nutrient solution. Results indicated higher uptake of Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb in above ground parts, and Cu in roots, further the co-application of EDTA enhanced HMs uptake in P. hybrida L. This uptake accompanied changes in biochemical stress indicators, included significantly higher MDA, H₂O₂ contents and electrolyte leakage with reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Upon exposure to HMs increased antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, POX, GST, APX, and SOD) were noted. Though selected HMs can be removed by using P. hybrida L., the findings of current study indicated that the direct exposure of P. hybrida L. to Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb damaged the plant's aesthetics, and to use P. hybrida L. for beautification of urban landscape or phytoremediation, appropriate soil modification should be included.