Enhanced cytotoxic activity of endophytic bacterial extracts from Adhatoda beddomei leaves in A549 lung cancer cell lines.

OBJECTIVE

The current study is aimed to isolate and study the efficacy of the anticancer activity of endophytic bacteria from adhatoda beddomei leaves. Endophytic bacteria, microorganisms can found in the plant tissues, like leaves, branches and roots and able to produce various novel secondary metabolites for the medicinal applications.

METHODS

Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the leaves of the adhatoda beddomei leaves. The extract from the culture was tested for the cytotoxicity in A549 cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay, dual staining and nuclear staining.

RESULTS

The expression of the apoptotic and proliferative genes were assessed with the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) comparing with the control gene. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the bacterial extract was found to be 43.97 μg/ml. With the dual staining the apoptotic cell percentage was significantly increased (P < 0.001) and with the 40μg/ml and 80μg/ml concentration the apoptotic percentages observed as 67% and 89% respectively. Similar concentrations were used for the nuclear fragmentation (PI) and the cell cycle analysis (FACS) using WinMDI 2.9 software. During cell cycle analysis the accumulation of the cells at G0-G1 stage was observed with increasing concentrations of the chi-alg encophytic bacterial extract nanoparticles. Finally the proapoptotic and proliferative gene expression for the bax, Bcl-2 and caspase was significantly regulated (P < 0.01; P < 0.05). The Bax and Caspase were up-regulated and Bcl-2 was down regulated.

CONCLUSIONS

The results conclude that enophytic bacterial extract possess good cytotoxic activity.