Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and hepatocyte growth factor in development of fibrosis in the transplanted kidney.

Late renal graft loss is associated with interstitial fibrosis. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is thought to facilitate fibrosis through interaction with TGF-β1, while hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may act antifibrotic in the kidney allograft. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of HIF-1α and HGF in protocol biopsies as possible prognostic biomarkers for renal fibrosis. Thirty-nine renal transplant recipients were included in the study. Protocol biopsies performed 1 and 2 years after transplantation were used for immunohistochemistry analysis. The correlation between HIF-1α/HGF and the Banff score was analysed. In addition, progression in renal fibrosis and graft survival among recipients with high or low expression of HIF-1α/HGF after transplantation was compared. There was no significant correlation between fibrosis and the HIF-1α expression 1 and 2 years after transplantation, but an inverse significant correlation between the HGF expression and the fibrosis score 1 year after transplantation was shown. Even when adjusting for human leucocyte antigen mismatches, there was a significant relationship between fibrosis and HGF expression. Graft survival was not significantly correlated to HIF-1α or HGF at 1 year, although the trend was towards better graft survival with high HGF. HGF may have antifibrotic effects in human renal transplants. (Central.Denmark.Region.Committee number: 1-10-72-318-13).