Large scale characterization of plant plasma membrane proteins.

After a brief review of the strategies used to date to identify systematically plasma membrane (PM) proteins, emphasis was given to the proteomic approach of PM proteins from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Comparative analysis of two-dimensional gels from PM and cytosolic fractions was used to assess the cellular origin of proteins found in PM fraction. The classification obtained was confirmed by protein sequencing that showed, in addition, that most analyzed proteins were peripheral proteins. A large proportion of these appeared to correspond to PM-constitutive proteins that were present in the PM from different plant organs, but were not uniquely located at the PM depending on the organ. In addition, the presence of organ-specific sets of PM-specific proteins was also demonstrated. Additional procedures were developed to identify integral PM proteins. The combined use of PM washes with alkaline carbonate buffer or Triton X-100/KBr, and of a new detergent to solubilize protein, resulted in improved recovery of hydrophobic proteins on gels. Results are discussed in terms of construction of comprehensive proteomes for PM and other membranes and organelles.