A Look at Genetic Linkage between Clozapine-induced Agranulocytosis, Malignant Hyperthermia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, and Statin-induced Myopathy.

Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis, malignant hyperthermia (MH), statin-induced myopathy, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) are all serious drug reactions with significant overlap in terms of clinical symptomatology. The use of clozapine can lead to neutropenia, as well as the development of NMS; thus, it seemed logical to explore a possible common genetic background for the development of these two adverse effects. Furthermore, due to the overwhelming clinical resemblance between NMS, MH, and statin-induced myopathy, we decided specifically to search for a common genetic background in the development of these conditions. Methods: We searched the PubMed, OMIM, WikiGenes, Medline, and Google Scholar databases to identify articles pertinent to our subject published over the last 30 years. Articles were reviewed according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria, and irrelevant articles were excluded. Results and Conclusions: In our exploration for a common genetic background between clozapine-induced agranulocytosis, MH, NMS, and statin-induced myopathy, we identified the SLCO1B1 gene, which was common to three of these four conditions (MH, statin-induced myopathy, and clozapine-induced agranulocytosis). Although we did not find a gene common among NMS and the other conditions, the overlap of clinical symptoms between NMS, MH, and statin-induced myopathy did not allow us to rule out the possibility of a common factor, in terms of genetic predisposition, between these conditions. Future studies can aid to fill in the gaps of knowledge in terms of any genetic linkage between these three conditions and the mechanism of their associations.