Solvent-Resistant and Non-Swellable Hydrogel Conductor toward Mechanical Perception in Diverse Liquid Medias

Wet-resistant flexible electronics have gained an impressive attention as underwater wearable sensors, all-weather electronic skin, implantable bioelectrodes. However, fabricating a stable and non-swelling hydrogel-based electronic in diverse liquid media is challenging and promising for the progress of wet-resistance electronics. Herein, a solvent-resistant and tough hydrogel conductor is successfully prepared and exhibits remarkable fatigue resistance, anti-freezing behavior, as well as prominent non-swelling and wet-adhesion performances in organic and aqueous solutions. Moreover, the hydrogels are utilized as all-weather wearable sensors featuring high sensitivity, reliability and wide sensing range for monitoring and distinguishing various physiological signals and human motions. Furthermore, the hydrogel sensors even can achieve accurate and stable mechanical sensing of pressuring, bending, stretching in diverse solvents of water, chloroform, hexane and dodecane. It is envisioned that the solvent-resistant and anti-freezing hydrogel conductor can present a promising feasibility as all-weather electronic skin, intelligent sensors in solvents, soft robot in various harsh liquid environments.