The influence of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Cocos nucifera on Candida albicans strain in tissue conditioner at varying time intervals

Aim: The search for alternative therapies for oral candidiasis is a necessity and the use of medicinal plants seems to be one such promising solutions. Incorporation of phytotherapeutic agents, Azadirachta indica (neem oil), Melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil), and Cocos nucifera oil (coconut oil), were tested for their efficacy as antifungal agents against Candida albicans. Next, the efficacy of these three antifungal agents when incorporated in a soft relining material at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated.

Settings and design: Evaluative - In-vitro study design.

Materials and methods: The MIC against C. albicans ATCC 24433 was calculated for M. alternifolia oil, A. indica oil, and C. nucifera oil using the broth microdilution method. Based on the preliminary screening results for MIC, tissue conditioner samples were prepared to evaluate the zone of inhibition (ZOI) and MIC. Antifungal activity of the MIC of the three oils was assessed and compared by measuring the mean ZOI. Antifungal activity of the three oils was assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test.

Statistical analysis used: Oneway ANOVA and post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test.

Results: Inhibition against C. albicans was exhibited when 20% v/v, 25% v/v, and 15% v/v of C. nucifera oil, M. alternifolia oil, and A. indica oil were used, respectively. The results of ANOVA and post hoc test at the end of 48 h and 7 days suggested that all three oils were significantly different from each other (P = 0.000) and A. indica/neem oil with 15% concentration had the best antifungal activity at the end of 48 h and 7 days.

Conclusion: The antimycotic activity of M. alternifolia, C. nucifera, and A. indica mixed with the Visco-gel tissue conditioner can be used as an alternative therapy for denture stomatitis.

Keywords: Antifungal; Candida albicans; Cocos nucifera oil; Melaleuca alternifolia oil and Azadirachta indica oil; denture stomatitis.