[To explore the therapeutic effect of myrtle oil, anthocyanin and hyaluronic acid in combination with topical application on allergic rhinitis in rats exposed to PM2.5]

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of local combination（LC） of myrtle oil, anthocyanin and hyaluronic acid on allergic rhinitis in rats exposed to PM2.5 and explore its mechanism. Method:The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, LC group, AR group, AR+PM2.5group and AR+PM2.5+LC. After successful establishment of the model, AR+PM2.5 group and AR+PM2.5+ LC group were intranasally dripped with PM2.5 suspension, while LC group and AR+PM2.5+ LC group were intranasally dripped with LC. The AR symptom score was observed. The eosinophil infiltration in nasal mucosa was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The ultrastructural changes were observed by transmission electron microscope, the level of immunoglobulin IgE, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the expression of NF-κBp65 and phosphorylated p38MAPK in nasal mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Result:There were no significant differences in symptoms, eosinophil infiltration and tissue ultrastructure between normal group and LC group（P>0.05）, but the symptom score, nasal mucosal eosinophil infiltration and serum IgE level in AR group and AR+PM2.5 group were significantly higher than those in normal group（P<0.05）, especially in AR+PM2.5 group（P<0.05）. Compared with AR group and AR+PM2.5 group, the symptom score, eosinophil infiltration and IgE level in AR+PM2.5+LC group were significantly decreased（P<0.05）, and the ultrastructural damage was also significantly improved. Compared with normal group, NF-κBp65, phosphorylated p38MAPK and serum inflammatory factors in AR group and AR+PM2.5 group were increased（P<0.05）, and those in AR+PM2.5 group were higher than those in AR group（P<0.05）. Compared with AR group and AR+PM2.5 group, the expression of inflammatory factors and NF-κBp65 and phosphorylated p38MAPK in nasal mucosa in AR+PM2.5+LC group decreased significantly（P<0.05）. Conclusion:LC has good safety in the treatment of nasal drip and has a significant therapeutic effect on allergic rhinitis rats exposed to PM2.5, which may alleviate the effect of PM2.5 on allergic rhinitis rats by regulating excessive activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathway and reducing eosinophil infiltration and IgE production.

目的：观察桃金娘油、花青素和透明质酸局部联合应用（LC）对暴露在PM2.5中AR大鼠的治疗作用并探讨其机制。 方法：将大鼠随机分为5组：正常组、LC组、AR组、AR+PM2.5组和AR+PM2.5+LC组。造模成功后AR+PM2.5组和AR+PM2.5+LC组用PM2.5悬浊液滴鼻，LC组和AR+PM2.5+LC组用LC滴鼻。观察各组大鼠AR症状评分；苏木精-伊红染色观察鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞浸润情况；透射电镜观察组织超微结构变化；酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测血清中免疫球蛋白IgE水平及炎症因子IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α；免疫组织化学染色法检测鼻黏膜中NF-κBp65及磷酸化p38MAPK的表达情况。 结果：正常组和LC组大鼠的症状、鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞浸润情况和组织超微结构均无明显差异（P>0.05）；与正常组相比，AR组和AR+PM2.5组大鼠症状评分、鼻黏膜嗜酸粒细胞浸润情况及血清IgE水平均显著提高（P<0.05），且均以AR+PM2.5组提高最为明显（P<0.05）；与AR组和AR+PM2.5组相比，AR+PM2.5+LC组大鼠症状评分、嗜酸粒细胞浸润情况及IgE水平明显降低（P<0.05），组织超微结构损伤也明显改善；与正常组比较，AR组和AR+PM2.5组鼻黏膜中NF-κBp65、磷酸化p38MAPK和血清中炎症因子均上升（P<0.05），且AR+PM2.5组较AR组均上升（P<0.05）；与AR组和AR+PM2.5组相比，AR+PM2.5+LC组大鼠炎症因子及鼻黏膜NF-κBp65、磷酸化p38MAPK表达降低，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论：LC治疗具有良好安全性，对暴露在PM2.5中的AR大鼠有显著治疗效果，可能是通过调节过度激活NF-κB和MAPK通路，减轻嗜酸粒细胞浸润和IgE产生来缓解PM2.5对AR大鼠的影响。.

Keywords: PM2.5; anthocyanin; hyaluronic acid; myrtle oil; rhinitis, allergic.