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DNA CpG Methylation (5-Methylcytosine) and Its Derivative (5-Hydroxymethylcytosine) Alter Histone Posttranslational Modifications at the Pomc Promoter, Affecting the Impact of Perinatal Diet on Leanness and Obesity of the Offspring.

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A maternal high-fat diet (HFD) alters the offspring's feeding regulation, leading to obesity. This phenomenon is partially mediated by aberrant expression of the hypothalamic anorexigenic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Nevertheless, although some individual offspring suffer from morbid

Role of TET1 and 5hmC in an obesity-linked pathway driving cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer

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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that lacks expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but is enriched with cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs). CSCs are the fraction of cancer cells recognized as the

CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell-Specific DNA Cytosine Methylation Differences Associated With Obesity.

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OBJECTIVE Lifestyle factors associated with obesity may alter epigenome-regulated gene expression. Most studies examining epigenetic changes in obesity have analyzed DNA 5´-methylcytosine (5mC) in whole blood, representing a weighted average of several distantly related and regulated leukocyte

Glutathione deficiency induces epigenetic alterations of vitamin D metabolism genes in the livers of high-fat diet-fed obese mice.

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Obesity has been correlating with low levels of glutathione (GSH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)VD₃). The liver is the principal site for the 25(OH)VD₃ biosynthesis. This study investigated whether GSH deficiency induces epigenetic alterations that impair Vitamin D (VD)

DNA methylation is altered in B and NK lymphocytes in obese and type 2 diabetic human.

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OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and the infiltration of immune cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, leading to metabolic impairment. Epigenetic mechanisms control immune cell lineage determination, function and migration and are implicated in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease, Mutational Homogeneity Modulated by Epigenetic Heterogeneity With Links to Obesity.

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Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) liver disease is characterized by marked heterogeneity in presentation and progression, despite a common underlying gene mutation, strongly suggesting the involvement of other genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers. Variation in clinical phenotype has added to the

A non-heme iron-mediated chemical demethylation in DNA and RNA.

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DNA methylation is arguably one of the most important chemical signals in biology. However, aberrant DNA methylation can lead to cytotoxic or mutagenic consequences. A DNA repair protein in Escherichia coli, AlkB, corrects some of the unwanted methylations of DNA bases by a unique oxidative

Gestational Diabetes Epigenetically Reprograms the Cart Promoter in Fetal Ovary, Causing Subfertility in Adult Life.

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Intrauterine exposure to various adverse conditions during fetal development can lead to epigenetic changes in fetal tissues, predisposing those tissues to disease conditions later in life. An example is gestational diabetes (GD), where the offspring has a higher risk of developing obesity,

Examination of Global Methylation and Targeted Imprinted Genes in Prader-Willi Syndrome.

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BACKGROUND Methylation changes observed in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) may impact global methylation as well as regional methylation status of imprinted genes on chromosome 15 (in cis) or other imprinted obesity-related genes on other chromosomes (in trans) leading to differential effects on gene

DNA Hydroxymethylation at the Interface of the Environment and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disorders among adults, children, and adolescents, and a growing epidemic, worldwide. Notwithstanding the known susceptibility factors for NAFLD, i.e., obesity and metabolic syndrome, the exact cause(s) of

The diet-induced metabolic syndrome is accompanied by whole-genome epigenetic changes.

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Consuming a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD) starting at a young age leads to the development of obesity and to the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS). We are interested in the relationship between MS and DNA methylation as a mediator of the metabolic memory and the early appearance of these

DNA methylation and histone deacetylation regulating insulin sensitivity due to chronic cold exposure.

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In this study, we investigated the causal relationship between chronic cold exposure and insulin resistance and the mechanisms of how DNA methylation and histone deacetylation regulate cold-reduced insulin resistance. 46 adult male mice from postnatal day 90-180 were randomly assigned to control

How does inflammation drive mutagenesis in colorectal cancer?

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health challenge worldwide. Factors thought to be important in CRC etiology include diet, microbiome, exercise, obesity, a history of colon inflammation and family history. Interventions, including the use of non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and

Coiled-coil domain-containing 80 accelerates atherosclerosis development through decreasing lipoprotein lipase expression via ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TET2 expression.

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Recent studies showed that coiled-coil domain-containing 80 (CCDC80) has a positive link with atherosclerosis and that plasma CCDC80 levels are positively correlated with the levels of fasting plasma triglycerides (TG) in obese individuals. The underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear. Using

Rhein Inhibits AlkB Repair Enzymes and Sensitizes Cells to Methylated DNA Damage.

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The AlkB repair enzymes, including Escherichia coli AlkB and two human homologues, ALKBH2 and ALKBH3, are iron(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases that efficiently repair N(1)-methyladenine and N(3)-methylcytosine methylated DNA damages. The development of small molecule inhibitors of

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