acromegaly/tyrosine

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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and GHRH receptor (GHRH-R) isoform expression in ectopic acromegaly.

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Bronchial endocrine neoplasms causing acromegaly due to ectopic production of growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone (GHRH) have been reported. We describe the case of a 39-year-old man with clinical and biochemical acromegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an enlarged pituitary, which was

Expression of the putative inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase PC-1 in dermal fibroblasts from patients with syndromes of severe insulin resistance.

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OBJECTIVE To date, mutations in the insulin receptor gene are the only clearly defined cause of extreme insulin resistance in man. Recently, however, some patients with severe insulin resistance have been reported to have marked over-expression of the transmembrane glycoprotein PC-1 in their

[Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms].

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The pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms originate from the enterochromaffin cells which are diffusely distributed in the body. The incidence of these tumors has increased significantly in recent decades due to the available diagnostics. They make up about 1-2% of all lung tumors and 20-30% of all

Prolonged exposure to GH impairs insulin signaling in the heart.

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Acromegaly is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, which is believed to be a direct consequence of chronically elevated GH and IGF1. Given that insulin is important for cardiac growth and function, and considering that GH excess induces hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cardiac alterations,

KIT protein expression and mutational status of KIT gene in pituitary adenomas.

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KIT protein expression and mutational status of KIT gene in different types of tumours have been intensively studied since Imatinib Mesylate, KIT/PDGFRA tyrosine kinase inhibitor became available. However, only one immunohistochemical study on KIT expression in pituitary adenomas has been published.

IGF-I stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inhibits insulin-dependent glucose uptake via ROS in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

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OBJECTIVE IGF-I is known to enhance insulin sensitivity in whole body mainly via the IGF-I receptors in muscles. However, the effect of IGF-I on the regulation of insulin sensitivity in the adipose tissue is yet unclear. Insulin sensitivity was found to be higher in the IGF-I receptor-deficient

Genetic Code Expansion Enables Site-Specific PEGylation of a Human Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist through Click Chemistry

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Regulation of human growth hormone (GH) signaling has important applications in the remediation of several diseases including acromegaly and cancer. Growth hormone receptor (GHR) antagonists currently provide the most effective means for suppression of GH signaling. However, these small 22 kDa

The IGF-I receptor sub-membrane domain is intact in GH-secreting pituitary tumours.

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OBJECTIVE Clinical acromegaly is characterized by dysregulation of somatotroph GH secretion in the presence of high circulating serum IGF-I levels. Physiologically, IGF-I exerts a negative feedback on GH secretion at both the hypothalamic and the pituitary levels. We have previously shown that the

Antiproliferative and GH-inhibitory activity of chimeric peptides consisting of GHRP-6 and somatostatin.

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Chimeric peptides consisting of growth hormone releasing peptide (GHRP-6) linked to somatostatin (6-11) via an amide bond to provide the effector parts of both the peptides were synthesized. The anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, and GH-inhibitory activities of these chimeric peptides were determined in

Mechanisms of antineoplastic action of somatostatin analogs.

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Over the past decade, impressive antineoplastic activity of somatostatin analogs has been demonstrated in many tumor models. More recent research has provided information regarding mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing actions of these compounds. These include both

Clinical pharmacology of human growth hormone and its secretagogues.

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The regulation of the synthesis and secretion of human growth hormone (hGH), its biologic activity, and its therapeutic use are reviewed. Both the production and secretion of GH are stimulated by hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and by the endogenous GH secretagogue (GHS) ghrelin, a product

Insulin-like growth factors and kidney disease.

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Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) are necessary for normal growth and development. They are related structurally to proinsulin and promote cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, as well as insulin-like metabolic effects, in most cell types and tissues. In particular, IGFs are

The growth hormone receptor: mechanism of activation and clinical implications.

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Growth hormone is widely used clinically to promote growth and anabolism and for other purposes. Its actions are mediated via the growth hormone receptor, both directly by tyrosine kinase activation and indirectly by induction of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Insensitivity to growth hormone

Tumors, IGF-2, and hypoglycemia: insights from the clinic, the laboratory, and the historical archive.

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Tumors of mesenchymal and epithelial origin produce IGF-2, which activates pathways in the tumors. In a minority of patients, the tumors (hepatomas, fibromas, and fibrosarcomas are the most common among many) release into the circulation enough IGF-2-related peptides to mimic the fasting

Central and peripheral actions of somatostatin on the growth hormone-IGF-I axis.

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Somatostatin (SRIF) analogs provide safe and effective therapy for acromegaly. In a proportion of patients, however, SRIF analogs may lead to discordant growth hormone (GH) and IGF-I suppression, which suggests a more complex mechanism than attributable to inhibition of GH release alone. To

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