adenosine triphosphate/رشاد الصخر

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Evidence of a novel cell signaling role for extracellular adenosine triphosphates and diphosphates in Arabidopsis.

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Extracellular ATP is a known receptor agonist in animals and was previously shown to alter plant growth, and so we investigated whether ATP derivatives could function outside plant cells as signaling agents. Signaling responses induced by exogenous nucleotides in animal cells typically include

Overriding the co-limiting import of carbon and energy into tuber amyloplasts increases the starch content and yield of transgenic potato plants.

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Transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants simultaneously over-expressing a pea (Pisum sativum) glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator (GPT) and an Arabidopsis thaliana adenylate translocator (NTT1) in tubers were generated. Double transformants exhibited an enhanced tuber yield of up to 19%,

Genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of half-size ABC protein subgroup G in rice in response to abiotic stress and phytohormone treatments.

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The roles of the proteins encoded by half-size adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subgroup G (ABCG) genes in abiotic stress responses are starting to be established in the dicot model Arabidopsis thaliana. In the monocot model rice, the functions of most half-size ABCG proteins in

Structural and biochemical investigation of two Arabidopsis shikimate kinases: the heat-inducible isoform is thermostable.

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The expression of plant shikimate kinase (SK; EC 2.7.1.71), an intermediate step in the shikimate pathway to aromatic amino acid biosynthesis, is induced under specific conditions of environmental stress and developmental requirements in an isoform-specific manner. Despite their important

Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of adenylate isopentenyltransferase from hop (Humulus lupulus L.).

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A cDNA encoding adenylate isopentenyltransferase (AIPT) was cloned and sequenced from cones of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) by RT-PCR using oligonucleotide primers based on the conserved sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana AIPT isozymes (AtIPT1, AtIPT3, AtIPT4, AtIPT5, AtIPT6, AtIPT7 and AtIPT8). A

Unravelling calcium-alleviated aluminium toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana: Insights into regulatory mechanisms using proteomics.

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Aluminium (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant productivity in acidic soils. Calcium (Ca) is an essential element and participates in various physiological responses to environmental stress. Here, the aim of this work was to study the role of exogenous Ca in alleviating Al toxicity in

Characterization of maximal enzyme catalytic rates in central metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Availability of plant-specific enzyme kinetic data is scarce, limiting the predictive power of metabolic models and precluding identification of genetic factors of enzyme properties. Enzyme kinetic data are measured in vitro, often under nonphysiological conditions, and conclusions elicited from

Isolation and Respiratory Measurements of Mitochondria from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Mitochondria are essential organelles involved in numerous metabolic pathways in plants, most notably the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the oxidation of reduced compounds such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2). The complete

Arabidopsis PPR40 connects abiotic stress responses to mitochondrial electron transport.

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Oxidative respiration produces adenosine triphosphate through the mitochondrial electron transport system controlling the energy supply of plant cells. Here we describe a mitochondrial pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) domain protein, PPR40, which provides a signaling link between mitochondrial

An Arabidopsis Clathrin Assembly Protein with a Predicted Role in Plant Defense Can Function as an Adenylate Cyclase.

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Adenylate cyclases (ACs), much like guanylate cyclases (GCs), are increasingly recognized as essential parts of many plant processes including biotic and abiotic stress responses. In order to identify novel ACs, we have applied a search motif derived from experimentally tested GCs and identified a

The Hsp90 family of proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) is an essential molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells, with key roles in the folding and activation of proteins involved in signal transduction and control of the cell cycle. A search for Hsp90 sequences in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome revealed that this

Cytosolic acetyl-CoA promotes histone acetylation predominantly at H3K27 in Arabidopsis.

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Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is a central metabolite and the acetyl source for protein acetylation, particularly histone acetylation that promotes gene expression. However, the effect of acetyl-CoA levels on histone acetylation status in plants remains unknown. Here, we show that malfunctioned

Metabolite-mediated TOR signaling regulates the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.

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Circadian clocks usually run with a period close to 24 h, but are also plastic and can be entrained by external environmental conditions and internal physiological cues. Two key nutrient metabolites, glucose and vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), can influence the circadian period in both mammals and

Dependence of heterochromatic histone H3 methylation patterns on the Arabidopsis gene DDM1.

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The Arabidopsis gene DDM1 is required to maintain DNA methylation levels and is responsible for transposon and transgene silencing. However, rather than encoding a DNA methyltransferase, DDM1 has similarity to the SWI/SNF family of adenosine triphosphate-dependent chromatin remodeling genes,

SLIDE, the protein interacting domain of Imitation Switch remodelers, binds DDT-domain proteins of different subfamilies in chromatin remodeling complexes.

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The Imitation Switch (ISWI) type adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent chromatin remodeling factors are conserved proteins in eukaryotes, and some of them are known to form stable remodeling complexes with members from a family of proteins, termed DDT-domain proteins. Although it is well documented

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