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Detection and measurement of necrosis in plants.

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Necrosis plays a fundamental role in plant physiology and pathology. When plants or plant cell cultures are subjected to abiotic stress they initiate rapid cell death with necrotic morphology. Likewise, when plants are attacked by pathogens, they develop necrotic lesions, the reaction known as

HpaP sequesters HrpJ, an essential component of Ralstonia solanacearum virulence that triggers necrosis in Arabidopsis.

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The Gram-negative bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is a worldwide major crop pathogen whose virulence strongly relies on a type III secretion system (T3SS). This extracellular apparatus allows the translocation of proteins, called type III effectors

Fine genetic mapping of the TuNI locus causing systemic veinal necrosis by turnip mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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In the pathosystem of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Arabidopsis thaliana, two distinct symptoms (mosaic symptom and veinal necrosis) were observed that were dependent upon the combination of the TuMV isolate and the Arabidopsis ecotype. The Col-0 ecotype developed mosaic symptoms after infection

Insights into Alternanthera mosaic virus TGB3 Functions: Interactions with Nicotiana benthamiana PsbO Correlate with Chloroplast Vesiculation and Veinal Necrosis Caused by TGB3 Over-Expression.

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Alternanthera mosaic virus (AltMV) triple gene block 3 (TGB3) protein is involved in viral movement. AltMV TGB3 subcellular localization was previously shown to be distinct from that of Potato virus X (PVX) TGB3, and a chloroplast binding domain identified; veinal necrosis and chloroplast

Redox-Mediated Endocytosis of a Receptor-Like Kinase during Distal Stem Cell Differentiation Depends on its Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Domain.

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Cellular redox status plays critical roles in cell division and differentiation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here we explored the effect of redox status on stem cell identity in distal stem cells (DSCs) of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Treatment with the reductive reagent glutathione

Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in two chloroplast ascorbate peroxidases shows accelerated light-induced necrosis when levels of cellular ascorbate are low.

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Arabidopsis chloroplasts have a multi-layered defense against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) that includes a stromal and thylakoid ascorbate peroxidase (sAPX and tAPX). Single and double null mutants in SAPX and TAPX (sapx and tapx) were each crossed with ascorbate deficient vtc2. The single, double

Necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide from Fusarium oxysporum induces a complex cascade of transcripts associated with signal transduction and cell death in Arabidopsis.

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Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) with a necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide (Nep1) from Fusarium oxysporum inhibited both root and cotyledon growth and triggered cell death, thereby generating necrotic spots. Nep1-like proteins are produced by divergent microbes, many of which are

Back to the roots of regulated necrosis.

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In recent years, our knowledge of how cells die by regulated pathways of necrosis has increased tremendously. In this issue, Distéfano et al. (2017. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201605110) provide yet another milestone in our understanding of regulated necrosis as they identify a

Reactive oxygen species from chloroplasts contribute to 3-acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid-induced leaf necrosis of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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3-Acetyl-5-isopropyltetramic acid (3-AIPTA), a derivate of tetramic acid, is responsible for brown leaf-spot disease in many plants and often kills seedlings of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. To further elucidate the mode of action of 3-AIPTA, during 3-AIPTA-induced cell necrosis, a series of

A truncated singleton NLR causes hybrid necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Hybrid necrosis in plants arises from conflict between divergent alleles of immunity genes contributed by different parents, resulting in autoimmunity. We investigate a severe hybrid necrosis case in Arabidopsis thaliana, where the hybrid does not develop past the cotyledon stage and dies three

Rin4 causes hybrid necrosis and race-specific resistance in an interspecific lettuce hybrid.

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Some inter- and intraspecific crosses may result in reduced viability or sterility in the offspring, often due to genetic incompatibilities resulting from interactions between two or more loci. Hybrid necrosis is a postzygotic genetic incompatibility that is phenotypically manifested as necrotic

Veinal necrosis induced by turnip mosaic virus infection in Arabidopsis is a form of defense response accompanying HR-like cell death.

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In the pathosystems of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) with Brassicaceae crops, various symptoms, including mosaic and necrosis, are observed. We previously reported a necrosis-inducing factor TuNI in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model species. In this study, we show that the necrotic symptom induced by TuNI,

Novel allelic variants in ACD6 cause hybrid necrosis in local collection of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Hybrid necrosis is a common type of hybrid incompatibility in plants. This phenomenon is caused by deleterious epistatic interactions, resulting in spontaneous activation of plant defenses associated with leaf necrosis, stunted growth and reduced fertility in hybrids. Specific combinations of

Different mechanisms for Arabidopsis thaliana hybrid necrosis cases inferred from temperature responses.

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Temperature is a major determinant of plant growth, development and success. Understanding how plants respond to temperature is particularly relevant in a warming climate. Plant immune responses are often suppressed above species-specific critical temperatures. This is also true for intraspecific

Identification and characterization of Nip, necrosis-inducing virulence protein of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.

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Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is a gram-negative bacterium that causes soft rot disease of many cultivated crops. When a collection of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora isolates was analyzed on a Southern blot using the harpin-encoding gene hrpN as probe, several harpinless isolates were found.

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