To empirically test the effects of Lithium water in violence prevention program on rates of violent attitudes and behavioral inclinations in populations whose drinking water supplies contain little or no lithium.
To utilize an experimental design to establish statistical support for the impact of community habits related variables (protective factors) on violent attitudes and behavioral inclinations among at-risk communities To demonstrate the effect of drinking water variables (protective factors) to existing evidence-based factors (risk factors) that have proven effective in reducing violence based on previous research.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

To empirically test the effects of Lithium water in violence prevention program on rates of violent attitudes and behavioral inclinations in populations whose drinking water supplies contain little or no lithium.
To utilize an experimental design to establish statistical support for the impact of community habits related variables (protective factors) on violent attitudes and behavioral inclinations among at-risk communities To demonstrate the effect of drinking water variables (protective factors) to existing evidence-based factors (risk factors) that have proven effective in GWI

Lithium Water

Gaviota Clinic

Thermal Clinic Treatment in Gulf War Illness

General response to Lithium water therapy in veterans from Gulf War

American Society Of Thermalism And Climatology Inc

Lithium-treatment phase
Lithium Carbonate: Lithium carbonate is dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time.

During observation subjects continue on their standard of care disease modifying agent (or no agent at all if judged not appropriate by the treating physician).

Lithium carbonate was dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time.
During observation subjects continued on their standard of care disease modifying agent (or no agent at all if judged not appropriate by the treating physician).

Lithium Then Observation

During observation subjects continued on their standard of care disease modifying agent (or no agent at all if judged not appropriate by the treating physician).
Lithium carbonate was dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time.

Observation Then Lithium

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)

Race (NIH/OMB)

Region of Enrollment

Paired comparison of change in brain parenchymal fraction during Lithium treatment and during observation period

Lithium

During observation subjects continued on their standard of care disease modifying agent (or no agent at all if judged not appropriate by the treating physician).

Observation

Rate of Change in Brain Parenchymal Fraction

Total number of relapses which occurred during the Li-treatment and observation study phases.

Total Relapses

The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is an ordinal scale ranging from 0 to 10 used to assess disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). A score of 0 denotes no neurological impairments and no neurological exam abnormalities, while a score of 10 denotes death due to MS. The EDSS is derived from subscales called Functional System Scales at the lower range of the EDSS, and from ambulatory impairments and overall functional impairment at higher ranges of the scale. The Functional System scores (Vision, Brainstem, Pyramidal, Sensory, Cerebellar, Cognitive, Bladder and Bowel) are used to generate the EDSS based on pre-specified rules that determine the overall EDSS score.

Change in Expanded Disability Status Scale Score

Subjects randomized to this group took lithium carbonate dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time, followed by a year of observation (standard care). No washout period occurred between the treatment periods.

Lithium First (One Year), Then Observation (One Year)

Subjects randomized to this group were observed for a year of observation (standard care), followed by a year of lithium carbonate dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time. No washout period occurred between the treatment periods.

Observation First (One Year), Then Lithium (One Year)

Overall Study

Dr. John Rinker

Multiple Sclerosis

Lithium carbonate is dosed at 150 or 300 mg daily, as tolerated by study subjects, for one year's time.

Lithium Carbonate

Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL

Kirklin Clinic

A Pilot Study of Lithium in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

A Pilot Trial of Lithium in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

VA Office of Research and Development

Each study participant agreed to a two-year enrollment commitment. Each subject was asked to take lithium for one year and to be observed for one year. Randomization was used to determine the sequence of lithium vs. observation (year 1 or year 2).

carbonate/إعياء

Thermal Clinic Treatment in Gulf War Illness

A Pilot Study of Lithium in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Effects of Zometa and Physical Activity on Bone Density in Women Receiving Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer

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