Diagnosis criteria for AE-IPF:
Diagnosed IPF patient experiences unexplained dyspnea within 1 month
With objective evidence of hypoxia and new onset of pulmonary infiltration based on imaging examination
With other diagnosis like pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax or heart failure excluded.

Diagnosis criteria for Stable-IPF:
Exclusion of other known causes of ILDs
Presence of a usual interstitial pneumonitis (UIP) pattern on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
Specific combinations of HRCT and surgical lung biopsy pattern in patients subjected to surgical lung biopsy.

Sputum, throat swab, BALF and blood will be collected in this study.

Interstitial Lung Diseases

No intervention

Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University

Study of the Etiology and Immunological Pathogenesis in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (AE-IPF)

Testing of pathogen nucleic acid chips:Based on PathGEN® Pathogen Chip Kit (PathGEN Dx, Singapore). Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has become the powerful tool in pathogen identification based on its rapidness and sensitivity. The final report will provide the species classification of the bacteria and viruses, as well as corresponding designator.

Subtype and functional testing on phenotype and function of Macrophage cell in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

Subtype and functional testing on phenotype and function of DC in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

Subtype and functional testing on phenotype and function of T cell in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

Subtype and functional testing on phenotype and function of B cell in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

The investigators will evaluate the expression of IL-17 by proteomics in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

The investigators will evaluate the expression of MIG by proteomics in IPF/AE-IPF patients.

cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/صداع

Study of the Etiology and Immunological Pathogenesis in Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (AE-IPF)

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