cyclic amp/إسهال

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A new principle for resistance to cholera: desensitization to cyclic AMP-mediated diarrhea induced by cholera toxin in the mouse intestine.

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The mechanisms behind the intestinal resistance to cholera toxin was studied in a mouse model. Repeated peroral treatments with cholera toxin (CT) led to a long-lasting inhibition of the toxin-induced activation of intestinal adenylate cyclase (AC). A corresponding inhibition of the intestinal fluid

Cyclic AMP receptor protein-dependent repression of heat-labile enterotoxin.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of acute diarrheal illness worldwide and is responsible for high infant and child mortality rates in developing nations. Two types of enterotoxins, one heat labile and the other heat stable, are known to cause diarrhea. The expression of soluble

Studies on mechanisms of diarrhea induced by fusarenon-X, a trichothecene mycotoxin from Fusarium species: fusarenon-X-induced diarrhea is not mediated by cyclic nucleotides.

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Cardinal signs of red mold toxicosis in man and farm animals are vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and food refusal. The red mold toxicosis has been suggested to be induced by trichothecenes, which are produced by Fusarium fungi. Fusarenon-X (F-X) is one of the trichothecene mycotoxins. The ip injection

Escherichia coli expressing EAST1 toxin did not cause an increase of cAMP or cGMP levels in cells, and no diarrhea in 5-day old gnotobiotic pigs.

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BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are the leading bacterial cause of diarrhea to humans and farm animals. These ETEC strains produce heat-labile toxin (LT) and/or heat-stable toxins that include type I (STa), type II (STb), and enteroaggregative heat-stable toxin 1 (EAST1).

Tambulin is a major active compound of a methanolic extract of fruits of Zanthoxylum armatum DC causing endothelium-independent relaxations in porcine coronary artery rings via the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP relaxing pathways.

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Zanthoxylum armatum DC (Z. armatum), belonging to Rutaceae family, has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases such as hypertension, abdominal pain, headache, fever, high altitude sickness, diarrhea, dysentery, and as a tonic, condiment, and an anthelmintic

Hemolysin of Aeromonas sobria stimulates production of cyclic AMP by cultured cells.

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Hemolysin of Aeromonas sobria possesses both cytotoxic activity against mammalian cells and enterotoxic activity. Histopathological examination revealed that hemolysin causes diarrhea without damaging the intestinal epithelial cells. And the fluid accumulated in the mouse intestinal loop by the

The tib adherence locus of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is regulated by cyclic AMP receptor protein.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a Gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes profuse watery diarrhea through the elaboration of heat-labile and/or heat-stable toxins. Virulence is also dependent upon the expression of adhesive pili and afimbrial adhesins that allow the pathogen to adhere

A pore-forming toxin produced by Aeromonas sobria activates cAMP-dependent Cl- secretory pathways to cause diarrhea.

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Aeromonas sobria hemolysin (ASH) is one of the major virulence factors produced by A. sobria, a human pathogen that causes diarrhea. We investigated the effects of ASH on Cl(-) transport in human colonic epithelial cells. ASH increased short-circuit currents (Isc) and (125)I efflux from Caco-2

Villous adenoma depletion syndrome. Evidence for a cyclic nucleotide-mediated diarrhea.

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Massive secretory diarrhea is associated with some villous adenomas. The mechanism of this secretion is unknown but the character of the diarrhea resembles that of cyclic nucleotide-mediated diarrheas. We have compared the cyclic nucleotide metabolism of a large secretory villous adenoma with a

Bile acid diarrhea.

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Bile acids normally undergo enterohepatic circulation. When this circulation is interrupted, bile acids enter the colon in increased concentrations. Here, they produce Cl- secretion by a calcium- and cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism, resulting in diarrhea. Cholestasis may lead to serum bile acid

Inhibitory effect of somatostatin on cholera toxin-induced diarrhea and glycoenzyme secretion in rat intestine.

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The effects of somatostatin on cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea and the appearance of glycoenzymes in the intestinal lumen and intestinal lymph were investigated in rat small intestine. After exposure to cholera toxin, marked fluid accumulation in the small intestinal tract and elevation of

Colonic cyclic AMP metabolism following chronic ethanol consumption in the rat: effect of hormonal secretagogues.

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The colonic cyclic AMP system is known to be involved in intestinal secretion and can be stimulated by a variety of gastrointestinal hormones including prostaglandins. We have investigated the effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on the activity of the key enzymes in cyclic AMP metabolism--adenylate

The chemopreventive agent resveratrol stimulates cyclic AMP-dependent chloride secretion in vitro.

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Resveratrol and its analogs are promising cancer chemoprevention agents, currently under investigation in clinical trials. However, patients administered other plant polyphenols experienced severe diarrhea, likely due to an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP). Resveratrol itself raises

Interaction of polymorphonuclear neutrophils with Escherichia coli. Effect of enterotoxin on phagocytosis, killing, chemotaxis, and cyclic AMP.

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli are associated with noninflammatory diarrhea and stimulate adenylate cyclase activity of mammalian cells, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased concentrations of cyclic AMP in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN)

Role of colonic short-chain fatty acid transport in diarrhea.

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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the major anion in stool and are synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by the colonic microbiota. Nonabsorbed carbohydrate are not absorbed in the colon and induce an osmotically mediated diarrhea; in contrast, SCFA are absorbed by colonic epithelial cells and

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