d xylose/بطاطس

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Effects of a D-xylose preload with or without sitagliptin on gastric emptying, glucagon-like peptide-1, and postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

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OBJECTIVE Macronutrient "preloads" can reduce postprandial glycemia by slowing gastric emptying and stimulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. An ideal preload would entail minimal additional energy intake and might be optimized by concurrent inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).

The xylose isomerase gene from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes allows effective selection of transgenic plant cells using D-xylose as the selection agent.

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The xylose isomerase gene (xylA) from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosulfurogenes (formerly Clostridium thermosulfurogenes) has been expressed in three plant species (potato, tobacco, and tomato) and transgenic plants have been selected on xylose-containing medium. The xylose isomerase gene was

First Report of Sporobolomyces symmetricus Induced Red Spot Disease of Pleurotus eryngii in China.

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Pleurotus eryngii is cultivated on a large scale in China and other Asian countries due to its exceptional flavor and its popularity in cuisine. In January of 2009, red spot disease on cultivated P. eryngii was observed in several workshops of mushroom producing factories located at Fangshan

Outbreak of Erwinia carotovora on Zantedischia spp. in South Africa.

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In South Africa, summer-flowering Arum lilies are grown for the tuber, potted plant, and cut flower markets. In 1998, an outbreak of soft rot was detected on Zantedischia oculata cv. Black Magic and Z. elliottiana plants from several nurseries. Crop losses of up to 25% were incurred. The initial

Optimization of exopolysaccharide production by Tremella mesenterica NRRL Y-6158 through implementation of fed-batch fermentation.

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In liquid culture conditions, the yeast-like fungus Tremella mesenterica occurs in the yeast state and synthesizes an exopolysaccharide (EPS) capsule, which is eventually released into the culture fluid. It is composed of an alpha-1,3-D-mannan backbone, to which beta-1,2 side chains are attached,

First Report of Streptomyces galilaeus Associated with Common Scab in China.

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During a survey of potato scab pathogens in China from 2003 to 2012, a new pathogen was found in Shanxi and Neimenggu provinces. The incidence was approximately 20% of all recovered strains. The lesions caused by the pathogen were slightly raised and similar to those caused by Streptomyces scabies

First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot of Horn Lian (Typhonium giganteum) Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in Jilin Province of China.

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Horn lian (Typhonium giganteum) is a perennial herb of the family Aracea and is commonly used for expelling phlegm and as an antispasmodic treatment. In August 2012, horn lian grown in Changchun, Jilin Province of China, exhibited soft rot disease with ~60% incidence and experienced great losses.

First Report of Pink Seed of Common Bean Caused by Erwinia rhapontici.

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In 2001, a new disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) caused by Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkh. was detected in seed samples from southern Alberta, Canada. Infected seeds had pink or pinkish-brown lesions on the seed coat. The disease was found in great northern (cv. US1140), pink (cv.

Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Genes and PCR Analysis of the nec1 Gene from Streptomyces spp. Causing Common Scab, Pitted Scab, and Netted Scab in Finland.

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ABSTRACT The sequences of the 16S rRNA genes (nucleotides 29 to 1,521) from various Streptomyces strains pathogenic to potato were compared. These included 10 pathogenic Streptomyces strains isolated from potato scab lesions in Finland, the type strains of S. aureofaciens NRRL 2209(T) and S. lydicus

Angular Leaf Spot of Cucumber Caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in Kurdistan.

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During the spring of 2004 and 2005, angular leaf spot was observed on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in some areas of Kurdistan Province in Iran for the first time. Disease incidence in affected fields was approximately 100%. Symptoms were initially small, round or irregular, water-soaked spots on

First Report of Bacterial Soft Rot of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum in Jilin Province of China.

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Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is an annual or biannual plant of the Asteraceae family that produces the hepaprotectant silymarin. In 2012, almost all milk thistle grown in the medicinal herbal garden of Jilin Agricultural University (Changchun, Jilin Province, China) exhibited symptoms of a

First Report of Bacterial Blight Caused by Pseudomonas viridiflava on Pea in Spain.

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Because production of dry peas (Pisum sativum L.) is increasing in Spain, disease surveys were carried out from 2004 to 2006 in Castilla y Leon, the largest pea-producing region. In May of 2004, a leaf and stem blight caused an estimated 25% loss in yield in pea (cv. Messire) fields in El Cerrato

Real-time NMR monitoring of intermediates and labile products of the bifunctional enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase.

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The conversion of UDP-alpha-d-glucuronic acid to UDP-alpha-d-xylose and UDP-alpha-d-apiose by a bifunctional potato enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase was studied using real-time nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. UDP-alpha-d-glucuronic acid is converted via the intermediate uridine

High prevalence of oral colonization by Candida dubliniensis in HIV-positive patients in Argentina.

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Candida dubliniensis is a recently described yeast species, closely related to Candida albicans. This work represents the first general survey of the carriage of C. dubliniensis in the oral cavities of HIV-positive patients in Argentina. We studied 133 strains isolated from 162 HIV-positive

Watermelon as a New Host of Pseudomonas viridiflava, Causal Agent of Leaf and Stem Necrosis, Discovered in Turkey.

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Severe leaf and stem necrosis symptoms were observed on watermelon seedlings (Citrullus lanatus cv. Euroca) in Adana, Turkey during a warm and humid period in January 2004. Streak-plate isolations were made from leaf and stem lesions on King's medium B. A fluorescent, yellowish mucoid,

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