Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.

Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin.

Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.

Obesity

Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin. Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.This study evaluates the changes of gut microbiota composition and diversity, body weight, body fat, SCFAs, plasma amino acids, satiety hormones (PYY and GLP-1), Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) after 6-month studied period

Inulin

Chulalongkorn University

Impact of Dietary Fiber as Prebiotics on Intestinal Microbiota in Obese Thai Children

Relative abundant of gut microbiota phyla (focus on Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria)

Weight in kilograms and height in meters will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2

Acetate, propionate and butyrate (By High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Inflammatory cytokine (ELISA method)(IL-1β(pg/ml), TNF-α (pg/ml) and IL-6(pg/ml))

165 participants Children, age 7 to 15 years with Body mass index (BMI) ≥ median + 2 Standard deviation(SD) will be randomized into one of the three arms of 55 participants per group.Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin. Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.

Group of 22 families consuming a fermented dairy product with prebiotic components, once a day for 4 months.

Group of 22 families consuming a dairy product with similar characteristics regarding color, flavor and nutritional composition, not containing the prebiotic components, once a day for 4 months.

Prebiotics

Fermented dairy product with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), kefiran and other metabolites resulting from the fermentation with kefir granules.

Prebiotic group

Beverage with color, flavor and nutritional composition similar to the fermented dairy product but not containing the prebiotic components.

Placebo group

A Estrada Primary Care Centre

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile: An Exploratory Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Flow cytometry analysis on peripheral blood

Enzymatic method using standard kits on an Advia 2400 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics)

Estimated using the Friedewald formula. Enzymatic method when triglycerides > 400 mg/dl.

Cases with at least one positive test will be considered to have allergic sensitization.

Immunometric chemoluminiscence method employing an Immulite 2000 Immunoassay System

Immunometric chemoluminiscence method employing an Immulite 1000 Immunoassay System

High resolution liquid chromatography using a Menarini Diagnostics HA-8160 Analyzer;

BMI will be calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. The BMI of subjects under 18 years of age will be standardised using World Health Organization (WHO) reference data.

Waist circumference will be measured at the narrowest point between the bottom rib and the top of the iliac crest.

Hip circumference will be measured at the point of greatest prominence of the gluteal muscles.

Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) is for classifying the form of stool into 7 categories scored from 1 to 7; (1) Separate hard lumps like nuts (difficult to pass); (2) Sausage-shaped but lumpy; (3) Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface; (4) Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft; (5) Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passed easily); (6) Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool; (7) Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid. Subjects choose one of the BSFS scores which has a nearest analog form with their stools at every defecation.
Types 1 and 2 are considered to be abnormally hard stools, while Types 6 and 7 are considered abnormally liquid stools. Types 3, 4 and 5 are generally considered to be the most normal stool forms.

Assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which include 93 foods and drinks habitually consumed in Spain.

Maria del Mar Calvo Malvar

Principal Investigator

Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago

Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI)

Both groups will receive fermented dairy products with similar color, flavor and nutritional composition, except the prebiotic components, which will only be administered to the intervention group.

The fructose group will help to determine whether an absolute amount of fructose will lead to IBS symptoms.

The glucose group will serve as a control since glucose is not a FODMAP and as a result is not expected to lead to recurrent symptoms.

The glucose/fructose mixture group is a cross comparison group that will determine whether the relative excess fructose concentration is an important cause of IBS symptoms.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Diarrhea

Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Mixed Bowel Habits

Food may be linked to changes in motility, visceral sensation, gut microbiome, intestinal permeability, immune activation and brain-gut axis. This study will focus on fructose, which is one of the main components of FODMAP (Fermentable oligosaccharides, dissacharides, mono-saccharides and polyols) foods. Fructose is a common part of the Western diet and can be consumed as a free monosaccharide, part of sucrose, or in polymers referred to as fructans. FODMAP foods are thought to induce gastrointestinal symptoms including gas, bloating, abdominal pain or discomfort, and loose stools by increasing small bowel water content and increasing gas production by fermentation of foods by gut bacteria. Studies including a recent controlled clinical trial demonstrated that a low FODMAP diet can be an effective nutritional therapy.

Dietary Intervention

UCLA

FODMAP Reintroduction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

As indicated by the study coordinator asking the participant "Have you had adequate relief of your IBS symptoms in the past 7 days?"

As measured by 100 MM Visual Analog Scale (VAS) with 0 representing no symptoms for overall gastrointestinal symptoms.

This is a validated symptom questionnaire pertaining to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms

This is a self-report measure of the gastrointestinal symptom-specific anxiety (GSA) of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

This is a validated symptom questionnaire pertaining to somatic symptoms severity

This is a self-report measure of the severity of abdominal pain during the week before report gathered by circling a number from 0-20 with 20 being the most intense pain imaginable.

This is a self-report measure of the overall severity of gastrointestinal symptoms during the week before report gathered by circling a number from 0-20 with 20 being the most intense symptoms imaginable.

This is a self-report measure of the severity of the sensation of bloating, abdominal fullness, or visible distension in the patient's belly that the patient has experienced during the week before report gathered by circling a number from 0-20 with 20 being the most intense sensation imaginable.

This is a measure of the intestinal microbiota 16S rRNA gene signatures in the patients' stool before and after the low FODMAP diet.

This is a validated symptom questionnaire pertaining to gastrointestinal symptom related anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

fructan/سرطان

Impact of Dietary Fiber as Prebiotics on Intestinal Microbiota in Obese Thai Children

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile

FODMAP Reintroduction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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