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Neuroprotective effects of flavonoids on hypoxia-, glutamate-, and oxidative stress-induced retinal ganglion cell death.

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OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the effect of flavonoids, a major family of antioxidants contained in foods, on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death induced by hypoxia, excessive glutamate levels, and oxidative stress. Moreover, to assess the structure-activity relationships of

Neuroprotective effect of calcium channel blocker against retinal ganglion cell damage under hypoxia.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether iganidipine, nimodipine and lomerizine, potentially useful calcium channel blockers for ophthalmic treatment, have direct retinal neuroprotective effects against hypoxic damage in experimental in vitro model. We used purified retinal ganglion cells

Hypoxia-induced apoptosis of dorsal root ganglion neurons is associated with DNA damage recognition and cell cycle disruption in rats.

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The metabolic effects of hyperglycemia and hypoxia are important in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. We demonstrated apoptosis in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro by employing an oxygen-glucose deprivation model that uses dorsal root ganglia incubated in room air (pO2=150 torr) followed

Gender difference in the neuroprotective effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells.

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reduce retinal ganglion cell death and effectively prevent vision loss. Previously, we found that during differentiation, female rhesus monkey bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire a higher neurogenic potential compared with male rhesus monkey bone marrow

[EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION BETWEEN RETINAL GANGLION CELLS AND SUPERIOR COLLICULUS NEURONS IN COCULTURE].

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In this study we conducted a series of experiments to characterize the effect and define the mechanisms of hypoxia on synaptic transmission between retinal ganglion cells and superior colliculus (SC) neurons. Application of hypoxic solution leads to a long lasting potentiation (LTP) NMDA-mediated

Hypoxia-induced retinal ganglion cell damage through activation of AMPA receptors and the neuroprotective effects of DNQX.

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Hypoxia-induced glutamate accumulation in neural tissues results in damage to neurons through excitotoxic mechanisms via activation of glutamate receptors (GluRs). Here we examine whether hypoxia in the developing retina would cause activation of the ionotropic

Reflex stimulation of aortic chemoreceptors through the stellate ganglion during hypoxia and hypotension in cats.

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1. In cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone (35 mg kg-1), an investigation was made of the mechanisms underlying the enhancement of aortic chemoreceptor activity through the excitatory effect mediated by the sympathetic outflow to them during hypoxia and hypotension. 2. Removal of the right

[Effect of the spiral ganglion cell and nerve fiber of rat cochlea in vitro to hypoxia].

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OBJECTIVE To establish a practical model for Wistar rat cochlea organ culturing in vitro, and to observe the growing status in hypoxia of the spiral ganglion cell and nerve fiber. METHODS We used an in vitro hypoxia model and dissociated cultures of the basal membrane from the cochlea of 3-day-old

Effect of hypoxia on hyperpolarization-activated current in mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons.

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The properties of hyperpolarization-activated current (I(h)) in mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and the effect of hypoxia on the current have been studied using whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Under voltage-clamp mode, I(h), blocked by 1 mM extracellular CsCl, was

Effect of hypoxia on the maintained firing rate of retinal ganglion cells.

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The effect of systemic hypoxia on the maintained firing rate (MFR) of single retinal ganglion cells has been measured in the cat at a constant luminance level. Systemic hypoxia was produced by reducing the percentage of oxygen in the respiratory mixture under forced ventilation so that arterial PCO2

Petrosal ganglion responses to acetylcholine and ATP are enhanced by chronic normobaric hypoxia in the rabbit.

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In mammals, adaptation to chronic hypoxia requires the integrity of the arterial chemoreceptors, specially the carotid body (CB). Chronic hypoxia increases the sensibility of the CB by acting on the receptor cells, but there is limited information on the effects of chronic hypoxia on the sensory

Elevation of intracellular ca(2+) concentration induced by hypoxia in retinal ganglion cells.

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OBJECTIVE To analyze the mechanism of hypoxia-induced changes of the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). METHODS Fluo-3 was applied to the cut edge of the optic nerve of 6-week-old rats. The retina was sliced, and the Ca images were captured. A hypoxic

Chronic hypoxia upregulates connexin43 expression in rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion.

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Recent studies have demonstrated that oxygen-sensitive type I cells in the carotid body express the gap junction-forming protein connexin43 (Cx43). In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that chronic exposure to hypoxia increases Cx43 expression in type I cells as well as in chemoafferent

Hypoglycemia induces general neuronal death, whereas hypoxia and glutamate transport blockade lead to selective retinal ganglion cell death in vitro.

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OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of experimental ischemia and interruption of glutamate transport on retinal neuronal cell, especially retinal ganglion cell (RGC), survival in vitro. METHODS Cell cultures were prepared from adult pig retinas and maintained under different experimental conditions of

Effect of hypoxia and dopamine on arachidonic acid metabolism in superior cervical ganglion.

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Superior cervical ganglion (SCG) may play a modulatory role on ventilatory control through its efferent sympathetic fibres, which innervate cells in the carotid bodies. In this study the in vivo effect of acute hypoxia versus normoxia on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism was investigated in cat SCG.

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