giardiasis/protease

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Protease activity in extracellular products secreted in vitro by trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis.

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There are evidences that Giardia trophozoites contain and/or release proteolytic enzymes that may be implicated in pathogenesis of giardiasis. This report describes a preliminary characterization of the proteolytic activity in excretory/secretory (E/S) products of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites of

Protease activity in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites of axenic strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

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We have examined by gelatin-SDS-PAGE the protease activity in cell lysates of Giardia duodenalis trophozoites of two axenic strains isolated in Brazil from a symptomatic patient (BTU-11) and an asymptomatic carrier (BTU-10), and the reference strain Portland 1 (P1). The proteolysis band patterns

Giardia intestinalis cystatin is a potent inhibitor of papain, parasite cysteine proteases and, to a lesser extent, human cathepsin B.

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Cystatins are important regulators of papain-like cysteine proteases. In the protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis, papain-like cysteine proteases play an essential role in the parasite's biology and pathogenicity. Here, we characterized a cysteine protease inhibitor of G. intestinalis that

Multiple protease activities in Giardia intestinalis trophozoites.

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Azocasein and a wide range of chromogenic and fluorogenic peptidyl substrates, representing 21 different peptide sequences, were degraded by the intracellular proteases present in lysates of trophozoites of Giardia intestinalis (syn lamblia) Portland 1 strain. Total protease activity differed

Antibody and cytokine responses in BALB/c mice immunized with the excreted/secreted proteins of Giardia intestinalis: the role of cysteine proteases.

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The mechanisms involved in the induction of the immune response in humans or experimental hosts infected with Giardia intestinalis are not well understood. The results of previous studies indicate that the parasite induces a mixed Th1/Th2 response and that, in experimentally infected mice, the

Giardia duodenalis: inter-strain variability of proteins, antigens, proteases, isoenzymes and nucleic acids.

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Giardia duodenalis isolates from asymptomatic or symptomatic patients and from animals present similarities and differences in the protein composition, antigenic profile, pattern of proteases and isoenzymes, as well as in nucleic acids analysis. In the present overview, these differences and

Giardia duodenalis: protein substrates degradation by trophozoite proteases.

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The present investigation was undertaken to identify and characterize trophozoite proteases of five axenic strains of Giardia duodenalis isolated in Brazil and the reference strain Portland 1 isolated in the United States. Trophozoite cell lysates of each strain were analysed for the pattern of

Lectin activation in Giardia lamblia by host protease: a novel host-parasite interaction.

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A lectin in Giardia lamblia was activated by secretions from the human duodenum, the environment where the parasite lives. Incubation of the secretions with trypsin inhibitors prevented the appearance of lectin activity, implicating proteases as the activating agent. Accordingly, lectin activation

Characterisation of protease activity in extracellular products secreted by Giardia duodenalis trophozoites treated with propolis.

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Results from our laboratory revealed propolis activity on Giardia trophozoites proliferation. Since therapeutic agents can inhibit the activity of proteases related to relevant biologic and physiologic processes of parasites, this study was undertaken to characterise the proteolytic activity of

Oxidative stress-induced cell cycle blockage and a protease-independent programmed cell death in microaerophilic Giardia lamblia.

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Giardia lamblia is a microaerophilic human gastrointestinal parasite and considered as an early-diverged eukaryote. In vitro oxidative stress generation plays a significant role in cell cycle progression and cell death of this parasite. In the present study hydrogen peroxide, metronidazole, and a

Sorting of encystation-specific cysteine protease to lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles in Giardia lamblia requires a conserved tyrosine-based motif.

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Encystation-specific cysteine protease (ESCP) was the first membrane-associated protein described to be part of the lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. ESCP is homologous to cathepsin C enzymes of higher eukaryotes, but is distinguished from other lysosomal

Isolate and epitope variability in susceptibility of Giardia lamblia to intestinal proteases.

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The surface antigens of Giardia lamblia differ. To determine whether the unique surface antigens found in variants and isolates could differentially protect the parasite from digestion by intestinal protease, G. lamblia clones WB-2X (WB), GS/M-H7 (GS/M), and B6, each of which expresses a unique

Expression and secretion of the Giardia duodenalis variant surface protein 9B10A by transfected trophozoites causes damage to epithelial cell monolayers mediated by protease activity.

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Giardia duodenalis is the protozoan parasite responsible for most cases of parasitic diarrhea worldwide. The pathogenic mechanisms of giardiasis have not yet been fully characterized. In this context parasite's excretory/secretory products have been related to the damage induced by the parasite on

Identification of the major cysteine protease of Giardia and its role in encystation.

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Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite and the earliest branching clade of eukaryota. The Giardia life cycle alternates between an asexually replicating vegetative form and an infectious cyst form. Encystation and excystation are crucial processes for the survival and transmission of Giardia.

Antiparasitic activity of cystine protease inhibitor E-64 against Giardia lamblia excystation in vitro and in vivo.

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In this work, the therapeutic effect of E-64, a broad spectrum cystine protease inhibitor against Giardia lamblia excystation was studied in vitro and in vivo. Purification of cysts from heavily infected human faecal samples followed by excystation and axenic cultivation of the emerging trophozoites

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