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Auxin-Gibberellin Interactions and Their Role in Plant Growth.

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Recently it was discovered that auxin promotes gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in decapitated stems of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), and here we review the evidence for this interaction. We also discuss the possible relationship between auxin and the mechanisms by which

Increased gibberellin contents contribute to accelerated growth and development of transgenic tobacco overexpressing a wheat ubiquitin gene.

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CONCLUSIONS Overexpressing TaUb2 promoted stem growth and resulted in early flowering in transgenic tobacco plants. Ubiquitin are involved in the production, metabolism and proper function of gibberellin. The ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS), in which ubiquitin (Ub) functions as a marker, is a

The ectopic overexpression of a citrus gibberellin 20-oxidase enhances the non-13-hydroxylation pathway of gibberellin biosynthesis and induces an extremely elongated phenotype in tobacco.

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Transgenic plants of Nicotiana tabacum overexpressing a gibberellin (GA) 20-oxidase cDNA (CcGA20ox1) from citrus, under the control of the 35S promoter, were taller (up to twice) and had larger inflorescences and longer flower peduncles than those of control plants. Hypocotyls of transgenic

Auxin promotes gibberellin biosynthesis in decapitated tobacco plants.

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Excision of the apical bud (decapitation) of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants reduced the endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin A20 (GA20), and GA1 (the bioactive GA), in internode tissue below the excision site. Application of IAA to the stump of decapitated plants

Brassinosteroids and gibberellins promote tobacco seed germination by distinct pathways.

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Seed germination of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havana 425 is determined by the balance of forces between the growth potential of the embryo and the mechanical restraint of the micropylar endosperm. In contrast to the gibberellin GA4, the brassinosteroid (BR) brassinolide (BL) did not release

Overexpression of cotton GhMKK4 enhances disease susceptibility and affects abscisic acid, gibberellin and hydrogen peroxide signalling in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in plant development, stress responses and hormonal signal transduction. MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), as the key nodes in these cascades, link MAPKs and MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs). In this study, GhMKK4, a novel group C MAPKK gene from cotton

Cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-induced RNase expressed in barley aleurone cells.

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We cloned a cDNA for a gibberellin-induced ribonuclease (RNase) expressed in barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone and the gene for a second barley RNase expressed in leaf tissue. The protein encoded by the cDNA is unique among RNases described to date in that it contains a novel 23-amino acid insert

Flowering in tobacco needs gibberellins but is not promoted by the levels of active GA1 and GA4 in the apical shoot.

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Flowering of Nicotiana tabacum cv Xhanti depends on gibberellins because gibberellin-deficient plants, due to overexpression of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene (35S:NoGA2ox3) or to treatment with the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol, flowered later than wild type. These plants also

Over-expression of a tobacco homeobox gene, NTH15, decreases the expression of a gibberellin biosynthetic gene encoding GA 20-oxidase.

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Ectopic expression of the homeobox gene, NTH15 (Nicotiana tabacum homeobox 15) in transgenic tobacco leads to abnormal leaf and flower morphology, accompanied by a decrease in the content of the active gibberellin, GA1. Quantitative analysis of intermediates in the GA biosynthetic pathway revealed

Characterization of a loss-of-function mutant of gibberellin biosynthetic gene LsGA3ox1 in lettuce.

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A previous study generated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) mutant lines tagged by retrotransposon Tnt1 from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and identified a homozygous mutant, Tnt6a, that exhibited severe dwarf phenotype. Here we show that Tnt1 is inserted into the intron of gibberellin biosynthetic gene

Overexpression of Cotton GhMPK11 Decreases Disease Resistance through the Gibberellin Signaling Pathway in Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Many changes in development, growth, hormone activity and environmental stimuli responses are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. However, in plants, studies on MAPKs have mainly focused on MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6. Here, a novel group B MAPK gene, GhMPK11, was isolated from

CbCBF from Capsella bursa-pastoris enhances cold tolerance and restrains growth in Nicotiana tabacum by antagonizing with gibberellin and affecting cell cycle signaling.

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Plant cells respond to cold stress via a regulatory mechanism leading to enhanced cold acclimation accompanied by growth retardation. The C-repeat binding factor (CBF) signaling pathway is essential for cold response of flowering plants. Our previously study documented a novel CBF-like gene from the

Increased Nicotiana tabacum fitness through positive regulation of carotenoid, gibberellin and chlorophyll pathways promoted by Daucus carota lycopene β-cyclase (Dclcyb1) expression.

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Carotenoids, chlorophylls and gibberellins are derived from the common precursor geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP). One of the enzymes in carotenoid biosynthesis is lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) that catalyzes the conversion of lycopene into β-carotene. In carrot, Dclcyb1 is essential for carotenoid

CsAGP1, a gibberellin-responsive gene from cucumber hypocotyls, encodes a classical arabinogalactan protein and is involved in stem elongation.

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Fluorescence differential display was used to isolate the gibberellin (GA)-responsive gene, CsAGP1, from cucumber (Cucumis sativus) hypocotyls. A sequence analysis of CsAGP1 indicated that the gene putatively encodes a "classical" arabinogalactan protein (AGP) in cucumber. Transgenic tobacco

The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development.

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Gibberellin 3beta-hydroxylase catalyzes the final step in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the plant hormone gibberellin (GA) and, therefore, the in vivo localization of this enzyme should give a direct indication of the site of synthesis of bioactive GAs in plants. We have isolated a cDNA clone,

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