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The proinflammatory RAGE/NF-κB pathway is involved in neuronal damage and reactive gliosis in a model of sleep apnea by intermittent hypoxia.

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Sleep apnea (SA) causes long-lasting changes in neuronal circuitry, which persist even in patients successfully treated for the acute effects of the disease. Evidence obtained from the intermittent hypoxia (IH) experimental model of SA has shown neuronal death, impairment in learning and memory and

Chronic Oxytocin treatment has long lasting therapeutic potential in a rat model of neonatal hypercapnic-hypoxia injury, through enhanced GABAergic signaling and by reducing hippocampal gliosis with its anti-inflammatory feature

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Previous studies have shown that, oxytocin has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects. One of the most important complications of Hypercapnic-hypoxia is drug resistance epilepsy. Effects of chronic intraperitoneal oxytocin treatment on gliosis, neuroinflammation and seizure activity was

Time-dependent changes in hypoxia- and gliosis-related factors in experimental diabetic retinopathy.

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Diabetes causes various biochemical changes in the retina; long-term changes in the factors associated with hypoxia and gliosis have rarely been reported. The present study was conducted to explore the changes in these factors in a time-dependent manner in experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Intermittent hypoxia during sleep induces reactive gliosis and limited neuronal death in rats: implications for sleep apnea.

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Sleep apnea (SA) can be effectively managed in humans but it is recognized that when left untreated, SA causes long-lasting changes in neuronal circuitry in the brain. Recent neuroimaging studies gave suggested that these neuronal changes are also present even in patients successfully treated for

The neuroprotective potential of Rho-kinase inhibition in promoting cell survival and reducing reactive gliosis in response to hypoxia in isolated bovine retina.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the outcomes of Rho-kinase inhibition in the electrophysiological ex vivo model of the isolated perfused vertebrate retina under hypoxia. METHODS Bovine retinas were perfused with an oxygen saturated nutrient solution with or without the Rho-kinase inhibitor H-1152P. The

Prenatal hypoxemia alters microglial morphology in fetal sheep.

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Neuroimmune cells, particularly microglia and astrocytes, play a critical role in neurodevelopment. Neurocognitive delays are common in children with congenital heart disease, but their etiology is poorly understood. Our objective was to determine whether prenatal hypoxemia, at levels

Clinicopathological correlation between brainstem gliosis using GFAP as a marker and sleep apnea in the sudden infant death syndrome.

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BACKGROUND Chronic hypoxia, leading to brainstem gliosis, has been postulated as a factor in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), which is still the main cause of postneonatal infant death. Gliosis detected by immunohistochemistry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a marker of

[Disturbances in the development of various hippocampal fields in rats as a long-term effect of acute perinatal hypoxia].

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The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of acute normobaric hypoxia in the perinatal period on the development of a hippocampal formation in rats. The experiments performed have shown that the exposure to hypoxia on postnatal day 2 resulted in a significant damage to the

Transient hypoxia/hypoglycemia upregulates endothelin B receptors in cultured rat astrocytes.

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Endothelins are potent vasoactive peptides that bind to their specific receptors, playing an important role in the CNS under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Astrocytes, which have been shown to express these receptors, also have a considerable role to play under physiological and

Transient changes in Fos and GFAP immunoreactivity precede neuronal loss in the rat hippocampus following neonatal anoxia.

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Early and delayed neuronal and glial changes in the hippocampus were studied in Wistar rats following neonatal anoxia induced by 100% N2 exposure for 25 min at approximately 30 h postnatally. Sham-treatment induced a transient increase in the number of fos immunoreactive neurons in the CA1, CA2, and

The effect of hypoxia on the functional and structural development of the chick brain.

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Decreased oxygen availability during gestation is linked with altered structural development of the brain and cognitive deficits after birth. Prehatch hypoxia can induce gross neuropathology such as brain lesions or more subtle injury including selective neuronal cell loss, white matter injury and

Cerebral hypoperfusion in the sudden infant death syndrome? Brainstem gliosis and vasculature.

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Gliosis is increased in the respiratory control area of the brainstem in victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as it is in infants who have died of congenital heart disease. In the latter, the lesions appear to result from hypoxia or ischemia, and studies of the brainstem microvasculature

Inhibition of reactive gliosis prevents neovascular growth in the mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy.

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Retinal neovascularization (NV) is a major cause of blindness in ischemic retinopathies. Previous investigations have indicated that ischemia upregulates GFAP and PDGF-B expression. GFAP overexpression is a hallmark of reactive gliosis (RG), which is the major pathophysiological feature of retinal

Selective destruction of nitric oxide synthase neurons with quisqualate reduces damage after hypoxia-ischemia in the neonatal rat.

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The vulnerability of the developing CNS to hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) differs from that of the mature brain and is due in part to release of nitric oxide (NO) from parenchymal neurons. If NO is important in the generation of excitotoxic injury after H-I in the developing CNS, then selective destruction

Neuroprotective effect of melatonin in experimentally induced hypobaric hypoxia.

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Melatonin (MEL) is an endogenous neurohormone with many biological functions, including a powerful antioxidant effect. The aim of the present study was to determine whether MEL protects the brain tissue from the oxidative stress induced by hypobaric hypoxia (HH) in vivo. This study was performed on

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