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Immunization with the glutamate receptor-derived peptide GluR3B induces neuronal death and reactive gliosis, but confers partial protection from pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures.

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Do autoantibodies (Ab's) against glutamate/AMPA receptor subtype 3 affect the severity of seizures? Rats immunized with the GluR3B-peptide (amino acids (aa) 372-395) or with the control GluR3A-peptide (aa 245-274) produced the respective anti-GluR3B and anti-GluR3A Ab's (both types of Ab's found in

7beta-hydroxycholesterol reduces the extent of reactive gliosis caused by iron deposition in the hippocampus but does not attenuate the iron-induced seizures in rats.

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7beta-Hydroxycholesterol has been previously demonstrated to inhibit astrocytosis in injured cortex or spinal cord of rats. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effects of the liposome containing 7beta-hydroxycholesterol on the reactive astrocytosis caused by the injection of iron into the

Predictors of seizure outcome following resective surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy associated with focal gliosis.

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OBJECTIVE The authors studied the clinical characteristics and postoperative outcomes of drug-resistant epilepsy associated with focal gliosis. METHODS From their epilepsy surgery database, the authors selected the patients with drug-resistant epilepsy and MRI-defined focal gliosis who underwent

Perilesional gliosis around solitary cerebral parenchymal cysticerci and long-term seizure outcome: a prospective study using serial magnetization transfer imaging.

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OBJECTIVE Epilepsy following solitary cerebral cysticercosis (SCC) is possibly caused by perilesional gliosis, best visualized on magnetization transfer imaging (MTI).This study aims to describe development of gliosis around SCC by prospective serial MTI and to correlate this gliosis with long-term

Perilesional gliosis and seizure outcome: a study based on magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging in patients with neurocysticercosis.

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We studied the effect of perilesional gliosis on seizure recurrence after stopping antiepileptic drug (AED) therapy in 108 patients with a solitary cysticercal brain cyst. All patients received albendazole therapy in the beginning, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done after 2 seizure-free years

The Severity of Gliosis in Hippocampal Sclerosis Correlates with Pre-Operative Seizure Burden and Outcome After Temporal Lobectomy.

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Astrogliosis and microgliosis in hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are widespread and are postulated to contribute to the pro-excitatory neuropathological environment. This study aimed to establish if seizure burden at the time of surgery or post-surgical outcome were correlated with the extent of gliosis

Transient P2X7 Receptor Antagonism Produces Lasting Reductions in Spontaneous Seizures and Gliosis in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

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Neuroinflammation is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of temporal lobe epilepsy, but the underlying cell and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The P2X7 receptor is an ionotropic receptor predominantly expressed on the surface of microglia, although neuronal

Analysis of the extracellular matrix protein SC1 during reactive gliosis in the rat lithium-pilocarpine seizure model.

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When the nervous system is subjected to stressful stimuli, reactive gliosis often ensues. This phenomenon consists of the hypertrophy of astrocyte processes as well as the proliferation of these cells. In this study, the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy was employed to study the

Manganese enhanced MRI detects mossy fiber sprouting rather than neurodegeneration, gliosis or seizure-activity in the epileptic rat hippocampus.

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We tested a hypothesis that manganese enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) after systemic injection of MnCl(2) could detect axonal sprouting in the hippocampus following kainate (KA) induced status epilepticus (SE). MEMRI was performed at 3 h, 25 h, 4 days, and 2 months post-SE. To assess the

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive deposits in brain following kainic acid-induced seizures: relationships to fos induction, neuronal necrosis, reactive gliosis, and blood-brain barrier breakdown.

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Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive deposits have been demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients suffering from a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, myoclonic epilepsy, and cerebral

Ceftriaxone treatment after traumatic brain injury restores expression of the glutamate transporter, GLT-1, reduces regional gliosis, and reduces post-traumatic seizures in the rat.

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Excessive extracellular glutamate after traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to excitotoxic cell death and likely to post-traumatic epilepsy. Glutamate transport is the only known mechanism of extracellular glutamate clearance, and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) is the major glutamate

Neuronal loss and gliosis in the hippocampus following repetitive epileptic seizures induced in adolescent baboons by allylglycine.

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Molecular and cellular cascades in seizure-induced neosynapse formation.

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Limbic seizures induce in vulnerable structures, such as the hippocampal complex, morphologic changes that may contribute to the development of epilepsy. They include neuronal cell death, reactive gliosis, and neosynapse formation. In temporal lobe epilepsy patients, cell death develops in Ammon's

Glutamate transporters alterations in the reorganizing dentate gyrus are associated with progressive seizure activity in chronic epileptic rats.

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The expression of glial and neuronal glutamate transporter proteins was investigated in the hippocampal region at different time points after electrically induced status epilepticus (SE) in the rat. This experimental rat model for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by cell loss, gliosis,

1H-MR spectroscopy indicates severity markers in temporal lobe epilepsy: correlations between metabolic alterations, seizures, and epileptic discharges in EEG.

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OBJECTIVE In this study, hippocampal metabolite alterations in (1)H-MR spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) were correlated to the findings of intensive video-EEG monitoring and duration of seizure symptoms in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS The 14 patients with mesial TLE and no pathological

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