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Endotoxin-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF): selective triggering of TNF and interleukin-1 production by distinct glucosamine-derived lipids.

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The isolated lipid A of Bordetella pertussis endotoxin (LipA) has been found to induce in vitro release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by murine macrophages, albeit much less efficiently than does the intact lipopolysaccharide. Synthetic analogs (monosaccharides M4 and M6) of both glucosamine units

Glucosamine sulphate-loaded distearoyl phosphocholine liposomes for osteoarthritis treatment: combination of sustained drug release and improved lubrication.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease resulting from joint inflammation and damage. In this study, we employed a boundary lubricant known as a 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) liposome for loading of an anti-inflammatory drug d-glucosamine sulphate (GAS) to construct a

N-butyryl glucosamine increases matrix gene expression by chondrocytes.

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Proteoglycan synthesis is dependent on N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) produced by the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway or obtained exogenously. Although used therapeutically to relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis, the actions of glucosamine and its analogs on cartilage are poorly understood. The

Modulation of TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell activation by glucosamine, a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide.

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Atherosclerosis is now considered a chronic inflammatory disease, and glucosamine has the potential to exhibit an anti-inflammatory action. Thus, we investigated the effect of glucosamine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced endothelial cell activation. Human umbilical vein endothelial

Arterial embolization using poly-N-acetyl glucosamine gel in a rat kidney model.

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Aqueous solutions of poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (p-GlcNAc) exhibit a liquid-gel transition at physiological pH and temperature. This feature inspired the authors to conduct a study to evaluate the macro- and histological changes of rat kidneys after embolization using either p-GlcNAc gel injection

Synthesis and macrophage activation of lentinan-mimic branched amino polysaccharides: curdlans having N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches.

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N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine branches were incorporated at the C-6 position of curdlan, a linear β-1,3-d-glucan, and the resulting nonnatural branched polysaccharides were evaluated in terms of the immunomodulation activities in comparison with lentinan, a β-1,3-d-glucan having d-glucose branches at C-6.

Effects of glucosamine against morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance and dependence in mice.

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The most important limitations of morphine in pain therapy are its tolerance and dependence. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of glucosamine against morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in mice.Mice received twice daily morphine (20

Anti-inflammatory action of sulfated glucosamine on cytokine regulation in LPS-activated PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages.

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OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sulfated glucosamine (SGlc) on the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and profiles involved in immunological activities. Changes in the inflammatory profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

Glucosamine Protects Rat Bone Marrow Cells Against Cisplatin-Induced Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity.

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Glucosamine is a widely prescribed dietary supplement used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. In present study, the chemoprotectant ability of glucosamine was evaluated against cisplatin-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in rat bone marrow

Chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy induced by glucosamine: a case report and literature review.

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Glucosamine is a glycosylated amine and a slow-acting symptomatic treatment for osteoarthritis. Some experimental animal studies have shown that glucosamine can cause apoptosis in kidney tubular and mesangial cells as well as overexpression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and

Characterization of tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced alteration of glycosaminoglycans in cultured cells: comparison among vascular smooth-muscle cells, vascular endothelial cells, Chang liver cells and LLC-PK1 cells.

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We investigated the alteration of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) induced by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF alpha) using confluent cultures of bovine aortic smooth-muscle cells, bovine aortic endothelial cells, Chang liver cells and porcine kidney LLC-PK1 cells. It was found that the

Polypeptide composition of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus.

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The polypeptide composition of virions of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus, was determined using electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing, 10 percent polyacrylamide gels. Ten polypeptides were resolved. Four of these were present in minor and somewhat variable

Accentuated transdermal application of glucosamine sulphate attenuates experimental osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate.

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Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative joint disease causing pain and disability. Glucosamine sulphate is a well known oral supplement for its treatment. The present pioneering study provides an overview of the accentuated transdermal delivery of glucosamine sulphate through the optimized gel

Specificity of the tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 6-mediated heavy chain transfer from inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor to hyaluronan: implications for the assembly of the cumulus extracellular matrix.

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The formation of the hyaluronan-rich cumulus extracellular matrix is crucial for female fertility and accompanied by a transesterification reaction in which the heavy chains (HCs) of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (IalphaI)-related proteins are covalently transferred to hyaluronan. Tumor necrosis

Effect of chemical modification at C1 of the glucosamine backbone of lipid A-subunit analog GLA-27 on manifestation of immunopharmacological activity.

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The effect of chemical modification at the C1 position of GLA-27, 4-O-phosphono-D-glucosamine carrying N-3-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl [C14-O-(C14)] and 3-O-tetradecanoyl (C14) groups, was investigated. Replacement by SH or S-acetyl groups of the OH group resulted in the enhancement of

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