hypoxanthine/وذمة

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Effects of dopamine on posttraumatic cerebral blood flow, brain edema, and cerebrospinal fluid glutamate and hypoxanthine concentrations.

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OBJECTIVE Dopamine is often used in the treatment of traumatic brain injury to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure. However, it remains unclear whether dopamine contributes to secondary brain injury caused by vasoconstriction and resulting diminished cerebral perfusion. The present study

Identification of malignant brain edema after hemispheric stroke by PET-imaging and microdialysis.

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Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and extent of irreversible tissue damage as well as the time course of extracellular concentration of amino acids, substrates of energy metabolism, and purine metabolites, intracranial pressure and tissue oxygen tension were assessed in 34 patients with large strokes

Hypoxanthine and oxygen induced lung injury: a possible basic mechanism of tissue damage?

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Lung injury was induced in young rats by a continuous infusion of hypoxanthine intravenously and breathing 100% oxygen for 48 h (group 1). Control animals were rats infused glucose and breathing 100% oxygen (group 2), rats infused hypoxanthine in room air (group 3), and untreated rats (group 4). In

The influence of cellular hypoxia and reactive oxygen species on the development of endothelial cell edema.

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We investigated in vitro whether endothelial cell edema is induced by cellular hypoxia or oxygen radical formation. Measurements of relative cell volume (RCV) were made using microweight analysis, liquid scintillation spectrometry and analysis of cellular protein content. To validate this method of

Brain hypoxanthine concentration correlates to lactate/pyruvate ratio but not intracranial pressure in patients with acute liver failure.

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OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of cerebral edema in acute liver failure is suggested, in in vitro and animal studies, to involve a compromised oxidative metabolism with a decrease in cerebral ATP levels and an increase in purine concentrations. In this study we hypothesize that the cerebral

Effects of tacrolimus on hemispheric water content and cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate, hypoxanthine, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha following controlled cortical impact injury in rats.

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OBJECTIVE Disturbance of calcium homeostasis contributes to evolving tissue damage and energetic impairment following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Calcium-mediated activation of calcineurin results in production of tissue-damaging nitric oxide and free oxygen radicals. Inhibition of calcineurin

Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen-derived free radicals.

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We studied the cerebral effects of oxygen-derived free radicals generated from the xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine/ADP-Fe3+ system. Xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine/ADP-Fe3+ solution (0.1 ml) was infused into caudate putamen, and brain was frozen rapidly in situ. Brain water and sodium content increased

Effects of asphyxia on the fetal lamb brain.

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OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to study the effect of fetal asphyxia on the release of hypoxanthine and xanthine in cerebrospinal fluid and on brain histologic characteristics. METHODS In seven fetal lambs (3 to 5 days after surgery, gestational age 124.3 +/- 2.6 days) asphyxia was induced by restriction

Circulatory and metabolic events in pig island skin flaps after arterial or venous occlusion.

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After 1 hour of arterial or venous occlusion, the circulatory and metabolic events in island skin flaps of the pig were studied. Both occlusion types showed significant but transient increases in glucose uptake and a parallel release of lactate, hypoxanthine, and potassium. Oxygen uptake and

Release of adenosine by hypoxic canine lung tissue and its possible role in pulmonary circulation.

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Adenosine is a possible mediator of myocardial and skeletal muscle blood flow regulation. Whether adenosine plays a similar role in modulating the pulmonary pressor response to acute alveolar hypoxia is not known. Adenosine levels (nmol/g tissue) in lung in six dogs ventilated with 95% N2, and 5%

Toxic oxygen metabolites increase microvascular permeability in isolated perfused rat lungs: the effect of methylprednisolone.

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Toxic oxygen metabolites (TOM) have been suggested to be mediators of permeability edema associated with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Because corticosteroids have possible beneficial effects in ARDS, we have examined the effect of methylprednisolone (MP) on TOM-induced lung edema

Melatonin prevents ischemia reperfusion injury in hamster cheek pouch microcirculation.

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OBJECTIVE We used the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation to investigate the effects of melatonin (ME) on ischemia reperfusion (I-R) injury by in vivo microscopy. ME is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and is the most powerful and effective hydroxyl radical scavenger detected to date in

Significant reduction in brain swelling by administration of nonpeptide kinin B2 receptor antagonist LF 16-0687Ms after controlled cortical impact injury in rats.

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OBJECTIVE Identification of new therapeutic agents aimed at attenuating posttraumatic brain edema formation remains an unresolved challenge. Among others, activation of bradykinin B2 receptors is known to mediate the formation of brain edema. The purpose of this study was to investigate the

Final report on the safety assessment of octoxynol-1, octoxynol-3, octoxynol-5, octoxynol-6, octoxynol-7, octoxynol-8, octoxynol-9, octoxynol-10, octoxynol-11, octoxynol-12, octoxynol-13, octoxynol-16, octoxynol-20, octoxynol-25, octoxynol-30, octoxynol-33, octoxynol-40, octoxynol-70, octoxynol-9 carboxylic acid, octoxynol-20 carboxylic acid, potassium octoxynol-12 phosphate, sodium octoxynol-2 ethane sulfonate, sodium octoxynol-2 sulfate, sodium octoxynol-6 sulfate, and sodium octoxynol-9 sulfate.

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Octoxynols are ethoxylated alkylphenols in which the size of the molecule is related to the number of moles of ethylene oxide used in synthesis. Reactions are performed at elevated temperature, under pressure, and in the presence of NaOH. It is possible that the synthesis may leave trace amounts of

Release of polyunsaturated fatty acids from phospholipids and alteration of brain membrane integrity by oxygen-derived free radicals.

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We studied the effects of oxygen-derived free radicals on the ultrastructure of brain cortical slices and the release of fatty acids from phospholipids of crude synaptosomes. Xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, and ADP-Fe3+, a free-radical-generating system, caused swelling of cellular processes and

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