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Chronological changes in circulating levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

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Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) facilitates the generation of hepatotoxins that can result in morphologic abnormalities, and these abnormalities are reasonably characteristic and reproducible for each particular toxin. It is also known that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) may participate in

Dietary sulphur amino acid adequacy influences glutathione synthesis and glutathione-dependent enzymes during the inflammatory response to endotoxin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in rats.

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1. Glutathione concentrations in liver and lung fall when food intake or sulphur amino acid intake is inadequate. However, concentrations may be restored during inflammation, despite anorexia, provided that prior sulphur amino acid intake is adequate. 2. We studied the mechanisms of these changes by

beta-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine: action on high-affinity transport of neurotransmitters in rat brain and spinal cord synaptosomes.

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beta-N-Oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA) is a dicarboxylic diamino acid present in Lathyrus sativus (chickling pea). Excessive oral intake of this legume in remote areas of the world causes humans and animals to develop a type of spastic paraparesis known as lathyrism. BOAA is one of several neuroactive

L-Alanine induces changes in metabolic and signal transduction gene expression in a clonal rat pancreatic beta-cell line and protects from pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis.

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Acute effects of nutrient stimuli on pancreatic beta-cell function are widely reported; however, the chronic effects of insulinotropic amino acids, such as L-alanine, on pancreatic beta-cell function and integrity are unknown. In the present study, the effects of prolonged exposure (24 h) to the

Treatment with a novel lipid A analogue, FS-112, and partial hepatectomy causes submassive liver necrosis and impaired liver regeneration in mice.

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A novel experimental model of submassive liver necrosis with impaired regeneration has been established. A novel lipid A analogue, FS-112, was injected intravenously into male BALB/c mice, followed 2 days later by a 70% partial hepatectomy. Over the next 9 days, mice became severely jaundiced, with

Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in development of hepatic injury in galactosamine-sensitized mice.

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Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine, at doses of 0.2 micrograms/kg and 800 mg/kg, respectively, elicited massive hepatic necrosis within 24 hr in C3H/HeN mice. The plasma L-alanine aminotransferase (ALT, E.C. 2.6.1.2) or L-aspartate aminotransferase (AST, E.C. 2.6.1.1)

Therapeutic dose of acetaminophen with fatal hepatic necrosis and acute renal failure.

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A 33-year-old woman without evidence of previous liver disease developed fulminant hepatic failure following the therapeutic dose of acetaminophen 3 days prior to admission. At admission, liver and renal function revealed hepatocellular injury with jaundice, and acute renal failure, total serum

Cysteine and glycine supplementation modulate the metabolic response to tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats fed a low protein diet.

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Responses to cytokines entail synthesis of substances rich in cysteine and glycine, such as glutathione (GSH), metallothionein and some plasma proteins. To examine the importance of an adequate supply of cysteine and glycine, we fed rats a low protein diet supplemented with L-cysteine and glycine,

β-N-Methylamino-L-Alanine Toxicity in PC12: Excitotoxicity vs. Misincorporation.

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The implication of β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) in the development of neurodegenerative diseases worldwide has led to several investigations of the mechanism, or mechanisms, of toxicity of this cyanobacterially produced amino acid. The primary mechanism of toxicity that was identified is

Alanyl-glutamine improves pancreatic β-cell function following ex vivo inflammatory challenge.

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Obesity-associated diabetes and concomitant inflammation may compromise pancreatic β-cell integrity and function. l-glutamine and l-alanine are potent insulin secretagogues, with antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Herein, we studied whether the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (Ala-Gln) could

Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase and Pseudomonas keratitis using a thiol-based peptide.

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase is a zinc metalloproteinase which is released during P. aeruginosa infections. Pseudomonas keratitis, which occurs following contact lens-induced corneal trauma, can lead to rapid, liquefactive necrosis of the cornea. This destruction has been attributed to the

A metalloprotease inhibitor blocks shedding of the 80-kD TNF receptor and TNF processing in T lymphocytes.

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TNF is synthesized as a 26-kD membrane-anchored precursor and is proteolytically processed at the cell surface to yield the mature secreted 17-kD polypeptide. The 80-kD tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR80) is also proteolytically cleaved at the cell surface (shed), releasing a soluble

Hepatotoxicity of bile acids in rabbits: ursodeoxycholic acid is less toxic than chenodeoxycholic acid.

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The hepatotoxic effects of cholelitholytic bile acids, ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, were compared with each other and with those of lithocholic acid, a known hepatotoxic bile acid, in the rabbit. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed regular laboratory chow containing

D-galactosamine based canine acute liver failure model.

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BACKGROUND Appropriate preclinical evaluation of a bioartificial liver assist device (BAL) demands a large animal model, as presented here, that demonstrates many of the clinical features of acute liver failure and that is suitable for clinical qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the BAL. A

Metastatic melanoma from an unknown primary site presenting as skin-colored nodules and multiple visceral involvement.

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A 55-year-old man presented with multiple gradually progressing asymptomatic swellings on his body for the preceding 6 months. He had no personal or family history of any skin disease. There was no systemic symptom apart from occasional constipation. Examination revealed multiple discrete, firm,

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