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l-glutamine Improves Skeletal Muscle Cell Differentiation and Prevents Myotube Atrophy After Cytokine (TNF-α) Stress Via Reduced p38 MAPK Signal Transduction.

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Tumour Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) is chronically elevated in conditions where skeletal muscle loss occurs. As l-glutamine can dampen the effects of inflamed environments, we investigated the role of l-glutamine in both differentiating C2C12 myoblasts and existing myotubes in the absence/presence

Oral L-glutamine pretreatment attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy induced by 24-h fasting in mice.

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L-Glutamine (L-Gln) supplementation has been pointed out as an anticatabolic intervention, but its effects on protein synthesis and degradation signaling in skeketal muscle are still poorly known. The effects of L-Gln pretreatment (1 g kg^-1 day^-1 body weight for 10 days) on

Does l-glutamine-supplemented diet extenuate NO-mediated damage on myenteric plexus of Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats?

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This study was designed to appraise the relationship between enteric neuropathy and oxidative stress in cancer cachexia under l-glutamine-supplemented diet. Total and nitrergic neuronal populations were investigated in jejunum and ileum in four experimental groups: control (C); control

Computational molecular phenotyping of retinal sheet transplants to rats with retinal degeneration.

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Retinal progenitor sheet transplants have been shown to extend neuronal processes into a degenerating host retina and to restore visual responses in the brain. The aim of this study was to identify cells involved in transplant signals to retinal degenerate hosts using computational molecular

Effects of oral supplement of L-glutamine on diverted colon wall.

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Diverted colorectal segments can present trophic and inflammatory changes. These alterations are of special importance in the patients whose colostomy becomes permanent, as well as in the differential diagnosis with other inflammatory diseases. This study was accomplished to quantify these

A simple bacterial bioassay for the measurement of L-glutamine.

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The amino acid L-glutamine has been shown to be important to numerous cells in the body. However, the routine measurement of glutamine in biological solutions is complicated by its relative instability, particularly at extremes of pH. We report a simple bacterial bioassay method for the estimation

Use of L-glutamine in total parenteral nutrition.

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Gut atrophy develops during prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). TPN solutions do not contain glutamine, an energy substrate of the intestinal tract. This study evaluated the effect of addition of L-glutamine to TPN on gut nitrogen content, histology, and disaccharidase enzyme activity. Five

Preconditioning with L-alanyl-L-glutamine in a Mongolian gerbil model of acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of L-alanyl-L-glutamine (L-Ala-Gln) preconditioning in an acute cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model in gerbils. METHODS Thirty-six Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), (60-100g), were randomized in 2 groups (n=18) and preconditioned with saline 2.0 ml

Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl-Butyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine Supplementation Improves Radiation-Induce Acute Intestinal Toxicity.

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We aimed to evaluate effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine (HMB/GLN/ARG) on radiation-induced acute intestinal toxicity. Forty rats were divided into four groups: group (G) 1 was defined as control group, and G2 was radiation therapy (RT) control group. G3 and G4 were

Amelioration of radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-glutamıne, and L-argınıne: results of an experimental study.

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OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine (HMB/Glu/Arg) on radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy in the oral mucosa. METHODS Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups. group (G) 1 was defined as control group, and

Protective effects of l-glutamine against toxicity of deltamethrin in the cerebral tissue.

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BACKGROUND Deltamethrin (DLM) is a broad-spectrum synthetic dibromo-pyrethroid pesticide that is widely used for agricultural and veterinary purposes. However, human exposure to the pesticide leads to neurotoxicity. Glutamine is one of the principal, free intracellular amino acids and may also be an

Glycyl-L-glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition maintains small intestine gut-associated lymphoid tissue and upper respiratory tract immunity.

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BACKGROUND i.v. administration of a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution results in small intestinal gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) atrophy, lowers small intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and impairs upper respiratory tract secretory IgA-mediated mucosal immunity; isonitrogenous

Glycyl-L-glutamine opposes the fall in choline acetyltransferase in the denervated superior cervical ganglion of the cat.

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Intracarotid infusion of 3 microM glycyl-L-glutamine was found to oppose the fall in the choline acetyl-transferase content of the preganglionically denervated cat superior cervical ganglion; this same effect has been demonstrated previously for acetylcholinesterase content. Because choline

Supplementation with L-glutamine prevents tumor growth and cancer-induced cachexia as well as restores cell proliferation of intestinal mucosa of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats.

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This study aimed to evaluate the intestinal mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats supplemented with L-glutamine. Thirty-two male 50-day-old Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), control supplemented with 2 % L-glutamine

Effects of L-glutamine on post-ischaemic cardiac function: protection and rescue.

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We investigated the effects of L-glutamine (0-20 mM) on cardiac function. The isolated perfused working rat heart (left atrial and aortic pressures of 5 and 70 cm H2O, respectively) was subjected to 20 min of normothermic low-flow ischaemia followed by reperfusion for 35 min. In the absence of

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