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Cerebrospinal fluid biogenic amines depletion and brain atrophy in adult patients with phenylketonuria.

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Biogenic amines synthesis in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients with high phenylalanine (Phe) concentration is thought to be impaired due to inhibition of tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylases and competition with amino acids at the blood-brain barrier. Dopamine and serotonin deficits might explain brain

Disturbances in Metabolic Pathways and the Identification of a Potential Biomarker Panel for Early Cartilage Degeneration in a Rabbit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection Model

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Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between synovial fluid (SF) metabolites and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of cartilage biochemical composition to identify potential SF biomarkers for detecting the early onset of cartilage

Serial 13C-based flux analysis of an L-phenylalanine-producing E. coli strain using the sensor reactor.

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With the aid of the recently developed Sensor reactor system, a series of three subsequent (13)C labeling experiments was performed mirroring the l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) production phase of a recombinant E. coli strain that was cultivated under industry-like conditions in a 300 L bioreactor. On the

N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) suppresses neuritic degeneration caused by different experimental paradigms including in vitro Wallerian degeneration.

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Accumulating evidence indicates that neurite degeneration occurs via a distinct mechanism from somal death programs. We have previously shown that neuritic ATP level in sympathetic neurons decreases, whereas somal ATP level remains unaltered during degeneration caused by the microtubule-disrupting

Effects of L-dopa and other amino acids against paraquat-induced nigrostriatal degeneration.

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Exposure to the herbicide paraquat causes selective nigrostriatal degeneration and aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the mouse brain. The purpose of this study was to assess mechanisms of paraquat entry into the CNS and, in particular, the effects of substrates of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)

Effect of pancreatic atrophy and hypertrophy on the small intestine.

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Intestinal enzyme activities were investigated in mice with spontaneously occurring exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), in rats after induction of pancreatic insufficiency by intraductal injection of oleic acid, and in rats after feeding a proteinase inhibitor (Camostate) which induced a marked

Investigation of Behavioral Dysfunctions Induced by Monoamine Depletions in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized not only by typical motor symptoms, but also by nonmotor symptoms in the early stages. In addition to the loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, progressive degenerations of noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (5-HT) neurons were also observed. However, the

mGluR4-positive allosteric modulation as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease.

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Although Parkinson's disease was first diagnosed nearly 200 years ago, its effective treatment still remains elusive for most of those diagnosed. The gold standard of treatment for most patients is 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine. This drug works for most individuals early in the disease; however,

Model phenylketonuria (PKU) in the albino rat: behaviroal, biochemical, and neuroanatomical effects.

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Model phenylketonuria was induced in albino rats by injecting (at 1-20 days of age) and feeding (at 21-80 days) L-phenylalanine and D-L-para-chloro-phenylalanine. Behavioral testing on an eight-item battery occurred twice: first, whil the animals were either receiving the excess phenylalanines or

Structural and functional correlations in the atrophic mucosa of self-emptying blind loops of rat jejunum.

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Marked atrophy of the mucosa develops in self-emptying blind loops of rat jejunum. The application of microdissection techniques revealed a 74% reduction in the mucosal surface area of the blind loops, 3 weeks after their creation. Kinetic studies of the influx of L-phenylalanine and

Urinary diversion via the continent ileal reservoir. Functional characteristics and long-term outcome.

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The aim of the present investigation was to study the functional characteristics and the long-term outcome after urinary diversion via a continent ileal reservoir. The villus height and absorptive capacity of ileal mucosa were studied in cats after exposure of the ileal mucosa to urine. In 16

Dynamic Stark-Induced Coherent π-Electron Rotations in a Chiral Aromatic Ring Molecule: Application to Phenylalanine.

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We present the results of a theoretical study on dynamic Stark-induced coherent π-electron rotations in a chiral aromatic ring molecule. This is an extension of our previous papers, which have been published in Mineo , H. [ Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2016 , 18 , 26786 - 26795 ] and Mineo , H. [

Targeted and combination treatments for vitiligo. Comparative evaluation of different current modalities in 458 subjects.

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The current treatment of vitiligo is not satisfactory according to the opinions of both the patient population and the dermatologists. Recently, combination therapies have been introduced, which are both systemic and targeted (microphototherapy). To evaluate the effects of topical treatments given

Effects of noradrenaline and serotonin depletions on the neuronal activity of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata in experimental parkinsonism.

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and also by a degradation of noradrenergic neurons from the locus coeruleus and serotonergic neurons from the dorsal raphe. However, the effect of these depletions on the neuronal activity of basal ganglia nuclei is

Striatal alterations of secretogranin-1, somatostatin, prodynorphin, and cholecystokinin peptides in an experimental mouse model of Parkinson disease.

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The principal causative pathology of Parkinson disease is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta projecting to the striatum in the brain. The information regarding the expression of neuropeptides in parkinsonism is very limited. Here we have

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