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Crystal structure of LL-diaminopimelate aminotransferase from Arabidopsis thaliana: a recently discovered enzyme in the biosynthesis of L-lysine by plants and Chlamydia.

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The essential biosynthetic pathway to l-Lysine in bacteria and plants is an attractive target for the development of new antibiotics or herbicides because it is absent in humans, who must acquire this amino acid in their diet. Plants use a shortcut of a bacterial pathway to l-Lysine in which the

Characterization of a lysine-specific histone demethylase from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Arabidopsis thaliana has four genes with close homology to human histone H3 lysine 4 demethylase (HsLSD1), a component of various transcriptional corepressor complexes that often also contain histone deacetylases and the corepressor protein CoREST. All four Arabidopsis proteins contain a flavin

The Arabidopsis thaliana SET-domain-containing protein ASHH1/SDG26 interacts with itself and with distinct histone lysine methyltransferases.

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Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins are key regulators of homeotic genes and have central roles in cell proliferation, growth and development. In animals, PcG and trxG proteins form higher order protein complexes that contain SET domain proteins with histone methyltransferase

Regulatory mechanisms after short- and long-term perturbed lysine biosynthesis in the aspartate pathway: the need for isogenes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The aspartate-derived amino acid pathway in plants is an intensively studied metabolic pathway, because of the biosynthesis of the four essential amino acids lysine, threonine, isoleucine and methionine. The pathway is mainly controlled by the key regulatory enzymes aspartate kinase (AK; EC

Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase from Arabidopsis thaliana: nucleotide sequence and characterization.

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We isolated the gene encoding lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR, EC 1.5.1.8) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH, ED 1.5.1.9) from an Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA library based on the homology between the yeast biosynthetic genes encoding SDH (lysine-forming) or SDH (glutamate-forming) and

Crystal structure of diaminopimelate epimerase from Arabidopsis thaliana, an amino acid racemase critical for L-lysine biosynthesis.

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Diaminopimelate (DAP) epimerase is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of lysine in plants. Lysine is an essential dietary nutrient for mammals. In both plants and bacteria, DAP epimerase catalyzes the interconversion of LL-DAP and DL(meso)-DAP. The absence of a mammalian homolog makes DAP epimerase a

Cloning and expression of an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA encoding a monofunctional aspartate kinase homologous to the lysine-sensitive enzyme of Escherichia coli.

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As in many bacterial species, the first enzymatic reaction of the aspartate-family pathway in plants is mediated by several isozymes of aspartate kinase (AK) that are subject to feedback inhibition by the end-product amino acids lysine or threonine. So far, only cDNAs and genes encoding

Proton-Coupled Electron Transport in Two Distinct CYBASC Paralogs of Arabidopsis thaliana: A Comparative Characterization of Highly Conserved Tyrosine and Lysine Residues

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CYBASC proteins are ascorbate (AscH^-) reducible, diheme b-containing integral membrane cytochrome b₅₆₁ proteins (cytb₅₆₁), which are proposed to be involved in AscH^- recycling and facilitation of iron absorption. Two distinct CYBASC

The Arabidopsis thaliana dhdps gene encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase, key enzyme of lysine biosynthesis, is expressed in a cell-specific manner.

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Lysine synthesis in prokaryotes, some phycomycetes and higher plants starts with the condensation of L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (L-ASA) and pyruvate into dihydrodipicolinic acid. The enzyme that catalyses this step, dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), is inhibited by the end-product lysine and

Structural definition of the lysine swing in Arabidopsis thaliana PDX1: Intermediate channeling facilitating vitamin B6 biosynthesis.

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Vitamin B6 is indispensible for all organisms, notably as the coenzyme form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Plants make the compound de novo using a relatively simple pathway comprising pyridoxine synthase (PDX1) and pyridoxine glutaminase (PDX2). PDX1 is remarkable given its multifaceted synthetic ability

Characterisation of the first enzymes committed to lysine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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In plants, the lysine biosynthetic pathway is an attractive target for both the development of herbicides and increasing the nutritional value of crops given that lysine is a limiting amino acid in cereals. Dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) and dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHDPR) catalyse the

Di- and tri- but not monomethylation on histone H3 lysine 36 marks active transcription of genes involved in flowering time regulation and other processes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Histone lysines can be mono-, di-, or trimethylated, providing an ample magnitude of epigenetic information for transcription regulation. In fungi, SET2 is the sole methyltransferase responsible for mono-, di-, and trimethylation of H3K36. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana, the degree of

Type II metacaspases Atmc4 and Atmc9 of Arabidopsis thaliana cleave substrates after arginine and lysine.

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Nine potential caspase counterparts, designated metacaspases, were identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Sequence analysis revealed two types of metacaspases, one with (type I) and one without (type II) a proline- or glutamine-rich N-terminal extension, possibly representing a prodomain.

A histone H3 lysine-27 methyltransferase complex represses lateral root formation in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Root branching or lateral root formation is crucial to maximize a root system acquiring nutrients and water from soil. A lateral root (LR) arises from asymmetric cell division of founder cells (FCs) in a pre-branch site of the primary root, and FC establishment is essential for lateral root

Dynamic changes in genome-wide histone H3 lysine 4 methylation patterns in response to dehydration stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms of genome reprogramming during transcriptional responses to stress are associated with specific chromatin modifications. Available data, however, describe histone modifications only at individual plant genes induced by stress. We have no knowledge of chromatin

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