mercurialis annua/carbohydrate

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A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster in Fusarium fujikuroi: the genes carB and carRA.

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Phytoene synthase, phytoene dehydrogenase and carotene cyclase are three of the four enzyme activities needed to produce the acidic carotenoid neurosporaxanthin from the precursor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate. In the filamentous fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, these three enzyme activities are encoded by

Protein-DNA interactions in the promoter region of the Phycomyces carB and carRA genes correlate with the kinetics of their mRNA accumulation in response to light.

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Carotene biosynthesis in Phycomyces is photoinducible and carried out by phytoene dehydrogenase (encoded by carB) and a bifunctional enzyme possessing lycopene cyclase and phytoene synthase activities (carRA). A light pulse followed by periods of darkness produced similar biphasic responses in the

Analysis of mating-dependent transcription of Blakeslea trispora carotenoid biosynthesis genes carB and carRA by quantitative real-time PCR.

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The zygomycete fungus Blakeslea trispora is used commercially as natural source of beta-carotene. beta-Carotene production is strongly induced during mating of two strains of the opposite sex and results in the production of the pheromone trisporic acid, which in turn stimulates enhanced

Functional analysis of the Phycomyces carRA gene encoding the enzymes phytoene synthase and lycopene cyclase.

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Phycomyces carRA gene encodes a protein with two domains. Domain R is characterized by red carR mutants that accumulate lycopene. Domain A is characterized by white carA mutants that do not accumulate significant amounts of carotenoids. The carRA-encoded protein was identified as the lycopene

Characterization of a gene in the car cluster of Fusarium fujikuroi that codes for a protein of the carotenoid oxygenase family.

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The ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi produces carotenoids by means of the enzymes encoded by three car genes. The enzymes encoded by carRA and carB are responsible of the synthesis of beta-carotene and torulene, respectively, while the product encoded by carT cleaves torulene to produce the acidic

A single gene for lycopene cyclase, phytoene synthase, and regulation of carotene biosynthesis in Phycomyces.

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Previous complementation and mapping of mutations that change the usual yellow color of the Zygomycete Phycomyces blakesleeanus to white or red led to the definition of two structural genes for carotene biosynthesis. We have cloned one of these genes, carRA, by taking advantage of its close linkage

Genetics of carotene biosynthesis in Phycomyces.

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Genetic analysis of carotenogenesis in Phycomyces is hampered by the inability of most mutants to complete the sexual cycle. Heterokaryons between complementing mutants or between a mutant and a helper strain are, however, fertile. Using this method crosses have been carried out between mutants

Improved β-carotene biosynthesis and gene transcription in Blakeslea trispora with arachidonic acid.

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With 0.4 g l(-1) arachidonic acid (AA) added to the medium after 36 h fermentation, β-carotene production in mated cultures of Blakeslea trispora was 73 % higher than that of the control at 690 mg l(-1). With the treatment of AA, the transcriptional levels of genes hmgR, carRA and carB, that are

Oxidative stress response of Blakeslea trispora induced by H₂O₂ during β-carotene biosynthesis.

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The cellular response of Blakeslea trispora to oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ in shake flask culture was investigated in this study. A mild oxidative stress was created by adding 40 μm of H₂O₂ into the medium after 3 days of the fermentation. The production of β-carotene increased nearly 38 %

The gamma-actin encoding gene from the beta-carotene producer Blakeslea trispora.

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We determined the nucleotide sequence of a 4599-bp DNA genomic fragment including the gamma-actin encoding gene from Blakeslea trispora, showing an open reading frame of 1561 bp interrupted by four introns with fungal consensus splice-site junctions. The untranslated regions of the actA gene contain

Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Fusarium.

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Many fungi of the genus Fusarium stand out for the complexity of their secondary metabolism. Individual species may differ in their metabolic capacities, but they usually share the ability to synthesize carotenoids, a family of hydrophobic terpenoid pigments widely distributed in nature. Early

Regulation of carotenogenesis and secondary metabolism by nitrogen in wild-type Fusarium fujikuroi and carotenoid-overproducing mutants.

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The fungus Fusarium fujikuroi (Gibberella fujikuroi MP-C) produces metabolites of biotechnological interest, such as gibberellins, bikaverins, and carotenoids. Gibberellin and bikaverin productions are induced upon nitrogen exhaustion, while carotenoid accumulation is stimulated by light. We

Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase: elucidation of the cleavage step in the Fusarium carotenoid pathway.

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The synthesis of the acidic apo-carotenoid neurosporaxanthin by the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi depends on four enzyme activities: phytoene synthase and carotene cyclase, encoded by the bifunctional gene carRA, a carotene desaturase, encoded by carB, and a postulated cleaving enzyme converting

The MAT1-2-1 mating-type gene upregulates photo-inducible carotenoid biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides.

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Filamentous ascomycetes, including mitotic holomorphs, have constitutively transcribed MAT (mating type) genes. These genes encode transcription factors considered to be the major regulators of sexual communication. The proven targets of the MAT transcription factors are pheromone precursor and

Retinal biosynthesis in fungi: characterization of the carotenoid oxygenase CarX from Fusarium fujikuroi.

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The car gene cluster of the ascomycete Fusarium fujikuroi encodes two enzymes responsible for torulene biosynthesis (CarRA and CarB), an opsin-like protein (CarO), and a putative carotenoid cleaving enzyme (CarX). It was presumed that CarX catalyzes the formation of the major carotenoid in F.

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