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Effects of flavonoids on Naja naja and human recombinant synovial phospholipases A2 and inflammatory responses in mice.

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Six flavonoid derivatives were tested for their influence on Naja naja and human recombinant synovial phospholipase A2. They showed a selectivity for the last enzyme with IC50 = 14.3, 17.6, 12.2 and 28.2 microM for quercetagetin, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, scutellarein and

Histopathological studies of the acute inflammation in synovial tissue of rat knee joint following intra-articular injection of PLA2 from Chinese Cobra (Naja naja atra) venom.

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A phospholipase A2 was purified from Chinese Cobra Naja naja atra by a two-step procedure: gel filtration on Superdex 75 and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a NUCLEOSIL 5 C18 column. Purified phospholipase A2 was homogeneous, as indicated by capillary electrophoresis

Suppression of Inflammation and Arthritis by Orally Administrated Cardiotoxin from Naja naja atra.

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Cardiotoxin (CTX) from Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) reportedly had analgesic effect in animal models but its role in inflammation and arthritis was unknown. In this study, we investigated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiarthritic actions of orally administered CTX-IV isolated from NNAV on

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of orally administrated denatured naja naja atra venom on murine rheumatoid arthritis models.

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To investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the denatured Naja Naja atra venom (NNAV) in rheumatoid arthritis-associated models, the denatured NNAV (heat treated; 30, 90, 270 μ g/kg), the native NNAV (untreated with heat; 90 μ g/kg), and Tripterygium wilfordii

Anti arthritic and anti inflammatory activity of a cytotoxic protein NN-32 from Indian spectacle cobra (Naja naja) venom in male albino rats.

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The anti arthritic and anti inflammatory activity of NN-32, a cytotoxic protein from Indian spectacle cobra snake (Naja naja) venom has been studied in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis and carrageenan induced anti inflammatory model. NN-32 treatment showed significant decrease in

Anti-inflammatory effects of Neurotoxin-Nna, a peptide separated from the venom of Naja naja atra.

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BACKGROUND Neurotoxin-Nna (NT), an analgesic peptide separated from the venom of Naja naja atra, has reported to have an exceptional specificity to block transmission of the nerve impulse by binding to the α- subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the membrane. However, little

Naja naja atra venom ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress.

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BACKGROUND Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) displays diverse pharmacological actions including analgesia, anti-inflammation and immune regulation.In this study, we investigated the effects of NNAV on pulmonary fibrosis and its mechanisms of action. METHODS To determine if Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) can

Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Regulatory Actions of Naja naja atra Venom.

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Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) is composed of various proteins, peptides, and enzymes with different biological and pharmacological functions. A number of previous studies have reported that NNAV exerts potent analgesic effects on various animal models of pain. The clinical studies using whole venom or

Naja Kaouthia Venom Protein, Nk-CRISP, Upregulates Inflammatory Gene Expression in Human Macrophages

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Cysteine-Rich Secretory Proteins (CRISP) are widespread in snake venoms and known to target ion channels. More recently, CRISPs have been shown to mediate inflammatory responses. Involvement of potential receptor in CRISP-induced inflammatory reactions, however, remains unknown. A CRISP protein

Cobrotoxin extracted from Naja atra venom relieves arthritis symptoms through anti-inflammation and immunosuppression effects in rat arthritis model.

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BACKGROUND The Naja atra (Chinese cobra), primarily distributing in the low or medium altitude areas of southern China and Taiwan, was considered as a medicine in traditional Chinese medicine and used to treat pain, inflammation and arthritis. OBJECTIVE To study the anti-inflammatory and

Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on rat hind-paw swelling caused by phospholipase A2 from Naja naja atra venom.

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Rat hind-paw swelling was induced dose-dependently by subplantar injection of acidic phospholipase A2 (NNAVPLA2) from Naja naja atra venom. Diphenhydramine and methysergide pretreatment greatly reduced the swelling effect caused by NNAVPLA2. Several doses of compound 48/80 given to deplete the

Neurotoxin from Naja naja atra venom inhibits skin allograft rejection in rats.

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BACKGROUND Recent studies reported that Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) regulated immune function and had a therapeutic effect on adjunctive arthritis and nephropathy. We hypothesized that NNAV and its active component, neurotoxin (NTX), might inhibit skin allograft rejection. METHODS Skin allografts

Morphological study of lesions induced by snake venoms (Naja naja and Agkistrodon piscivorus) in the lung and cremaster vessels of rats.

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The morphological effects of two snake venoms, N. naja and A. piscivorus, and of the Direct Lytic Factor and Phospholipase-A, compounds purified from N. naja crude venom, were investigated on lung and cremaster vessels of rats. The microcirculation of the rat reacts to these two venoms differently:

Naja sputatrix Venom Preconditioning Attenuates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Surgical Brain Injury via PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4 Cascade Activation.

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Inflammatory preconditioning is a mechanism in which exposure to small doses of inflammatory stimuli prepares the body against future massive insult by activating endogenous protective responses. Phospholipase A2/5-lipoxygenase/leukotriene-B4 (PLA2/5-LOX/LTB4) axis is an important inflammatory

Effects of topical heparin, antivenom, tetracycline and dexamethasone treatment in corneal injury resulting from the venom of the black spitting cobra (Naja sumatrana), in a rabbit model.

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BACKGROUND The Naja sumatrana cobra can spit venom in defense and may result in permanent blindness. The study sought to determine the efficacy of topical heparin, Haffkine antivenom, tetracycline and dexamethasone. METHODS Male New Zealand White Rabbits were used. Pooled venom was frozen at -30

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