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High-performance liquid chromatography profiling of the major carotenoids in Arabidopsis thaliana leaf tissue.

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Carotenoids are extremely sensitive to a variety of physico-chemical attacks which may have a profound effect on their characteristic properties, thereby influencing the accurate identification and quantification of individual compounds. In this light, a comprehensive summary of the pitfalls

Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, light-harvesting system and photoinhibition resistance of a zeaxanthin-accumulating mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The abscisic-acid-deficient aba-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is unable to epoxidize zeaxanthin. As a consequence, it contains large amounts of this carotenoid and lacks epoxy-xanthophylls. HPLC analysis of pigment contents in leaves, isolated thylakoids and preparations of the major

Lutein-mediated photoprotection of photosynthetic machinery in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to chronic low ultraviolet-B radiation.

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Ecologically relevant low UV-B is reported to alter reactive oxygen species metabolism and anti-oxidative systems through an up-regulation of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. However, little is known about low UV-B-induced changes in carotenoid profile and their impacts on light harvesting

Ultrafast excitation relaxation dynamics of lutein in solution and in the light-harvesting complexes II isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Ultrafast excitation relaxation dynamics and energy-transfer processes in the light-harvesting complex II (LHC II) of Arabidopsis thaliana were examined at physiological temperature using femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Energy transfer from lutein to Chl a proceeded with a rate

The aba mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is impaired in epoxy-carotenoid biosynthesis.

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The three mutant alleles of the ABA locus of Arabidopsis thaliana result in plants that are deficient in the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA). We have used 18O2 to label ABA in water-stressed leaves of mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis. Analysis by selected ion monitoring and tandem mass

ABSCISIC ACID-DEFICIENT4 has an essential function in both cis-violaxanthin and cis-neoxanthin synthesis

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Abscisic acid (ABA), a plant hormone synthesized from carotenoids, functions in seed germination and abiotic stress responses. ABA is derived from the cleavage of 9-cis isomers of violaxanthin and neoxanthin, which are oxygenated carotenoids, also called xanthophylls. Although genes encoding enzymes

9-cis-Neoxanthin in Light Harvesting Complexes of Photosystem II Regulates the Binding of Violaxanthin and Xanthophyll Cycle.

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The light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b complex of photosystem II (LHCII) is able to switch to multiple functions under different light conditions (i.e. harvesting solar energy for photosynthesis and dissipating excess excitation energy for photoprotection). The role of the different carotenoids bound

Lutein accumulation in the absence of zeaxanthin restores nonphotochemical quenching in the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant.

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Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid DeltapH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle,

New transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana with partly disabled zeaxanthin epoxidase activity displays changed carotenoid composition, xanthophyll cycle activity and non-photochemical quenching kinetics.

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Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE, E.C. 1.14.13.90), an enzyme belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, catalyses the conversion of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These reactions are part of the xanthophyll biosynthetic pathway and the xanthophyll cycle. The role of carotenoids in the

The ABA1 gene and carotenoid biosynthesis are required for late skotomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Several plant hormones, including auxin, brassinosteroids and gibberellins, are required for skotomorphogenesis, which is the etiolated growth that seedlings undergo in the absence of light. To examine the growth of abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants in the dark, we analysed several aba1

Femtosecond transient absorption study of carotenoid to chlorophyll energy transfer in the light-harvesting complex II of photosystem II.

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Singlet energy transfer between the carotenoids (Cars) and chlorophylls (Chls) in the light-harvesting complex II (LHC II) from higher plants has been studied using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy by exciting the Cars directly in the 475-515 nm wavelength range. LHC II trimers from

Role of xanthophylls in light harvesting in green plants: a spectroscopic investigation of mutant LHCII and Lhcb pigment-protein complexes.

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The spectroscopic properties and energy transfer dynamics of the protein-bound chlorophylls and xanthophylls in monomeric, major LHCII complexes, and minor Lhcb complexes from genetically altered Arabidopsis thaliana plants have been investigated using both steady-state and time-resolved absorption

Antisense inhibition of the beta-carotene hydroxylase enzyme in Arabidopsis and the implications for carotenoid accumulation, photoprotection and antenna assembly.

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The xanthophylls are oxygenated carotenoids and are important structural components of the photosynthetic apparatus. Xanthophylls contribute to the assembly and stability of light-harvesting complex apoproteins (LHC) and contribute to photoprotection via non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll

Abscisic acid biosynthesis in roots : I. The identification of potential abscisic acid precursors, and other carotenoids.

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The pathway of water-stress-induced abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis in etiolated and light-grown leaves has been elucidated (see A.D. Parry and R. Horgan, 1991, Physiol. Plant. 82, 320-326). Roots also have the ability to synthesise ABA in response to stress and it was therefore of interest to

The P450-type carotene hydroxylase PuCHY1 from Porphyra suggests the evolution of carotenoid metabolism in red algae.

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Carotene hydroxylases catalyze the hydroxylation of α- and β-carotene hydrocarbons into xanthophylls. In red algae, β-carotene is a ubiquitously distributed carotenoid, and hydroxylated carotenoids such as zeaxanthin and lutein are also found. However, no enzyme with carotene hydroxylase activity

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