Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid

Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid
Eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid: 1395 mg EPA plus 1125 mg DHA daily for 24 weeks

rs174535 (GG), Fish Oil Supplements

rs174535 (GG), Placebo

rs174535 (GT), Fish Oil Supplements

rs174535 (GT), Placebo

rs174535 (TT), Fish Oil Supplement

rs174535 (TT), Placebo

Total

Sex: Female, Male

The primary outcome of interest is rectal epithelial cell proliferation, as measured by Ki67 (mib-1) labeling. Expression of Ki-67 in colon epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell Proliferation

The primary outcome of interest is rectal epithelial cell apoptosis as measured by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling). The TUNEL assay is conducted to measure apoptosis of colon epithelium using DeadEnd Colorimetric TUNEL System (Promega). After all fields of each sample are measured, the final immunoreaction indices are generated automatically by setting algorithms as ''total positive area / total nuclear area. Apoptotic activity is also scored using standard morphologic criteria applied to H&E stained sections.

Rectal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis

Expression of COX-2 in rectal epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell COX-2 Expression

Expression of 15-PGDH in rectal epithelial cells will be detected following the standard IHC protocol of EnVision™+ System, HRP (DAKO).

Rectal Epithelial Cell 15-PGDH Expression

Lipids will be extracted using the method of Folch-Lees

Rectal Epithelial Cell Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content

liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric on rectal biopsy samples

Rectal Epithelial Cell Production of PGE2 and PGE3

C-reactive Protein

Adipokines

homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) HOMA-IR. Fasting insulin and glucose were be used to determine HOMA-IR: [fasting glucose (mmol/l) x fasting insulin (µU/ml)]/22.5]", Optimal insulin sensitivity: < 1, Early insulin resistance: > 1.9, Significant insulin resistance: > 2.9

Insulin Sensitivity

Overall Study

Harvey J Murff

Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps

1395 mg EPA plus 1125 mg DHA daily for 24 weeks

Oleic Acid

Vanderbilt University Medical Center

Fish Oil Supplementation, Nutrigenomics and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Fatty Acid Desaturase Activity, Fish Oil and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Harvey Murff

Associate Professor

Vanderbilt University

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Cardiovascular Disease

60g Canola oil daily per 3000kcal diet provided in a supplemental shake

Canola Oil

60g high oleic acid canola oil + DHA daily per 3000kcal provided in a supplemental shake

High Oleic Acid + DHA Canola Oil

60g high oleic acid canola oil daily per 3000kcal provided in a supplemental shake

High Oleic Acid Canola Oil

36g flax oil + 24g safflower oil daily per 3000kcal provided in a supplemental shake

Flax Oil

45g safflower oil + 15g corn oil daily per 3000kcal provided in a supplemental shake

Safflower Oil

Penn State University

Canola Oil Multicentre Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Canola and Flax Oils in Modulation of Vascular Function and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Study subjects will undergo endothelial health assessment by EndoPAT analysis. The EndoPat procedure will occur while the subject is lying down in a relaxed state. Throughout the study, the inflation pressure of the EndoPAT device will be electronically set to 10mm Hg below diastolic BP. Testing begins with 10 min of rest. Following rest, baseline pulse amplitude is measured from each fingertip for 5 min. Next, arterial flow is interrupted for 5 min by a cuff placed on the forearm at an occlusion pressure of 250 mmHg. Following occlusion release, pulse amplitude recording continues for 5 min.

To assess regional changes in body fat deposition, subjects will undergo a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at baseline (beginning of study) and end of each intervention period. Waist circumference measurements also will be taken at this time to track how much fat is lost from the abdominal area of the body.

On the 29th day of each diet phase you will be asked to consume three tablespoons of tagged water (known as deuterium). The movement of these tagged materials will allow us to assess the quantity of long chain fatty acids (EPA and DHA) that your body is producing in response to your diet. All of the above tagged materials are non-radioactive, non-toxic, and do not pose any health risk to you. Another fasting blood sample will be obtained when you return the next morning.

Twelve-hour fasting blood samples (30ml) will be collected on day 1, 2, 29 and 30 for analyses of plasma lipids. Blood samples obtained on day 1 and 2 will be used to measure baseline values for study endpoints, whereas blood samples obtained on the two last days will be used to measure final endpoint values.

Twelve-hour fasting blood samples (30ml) will be collected on day 1, 2, 29 and 30 for analyses of C-reactive protein and inflammatory cytokines. Blood samples obtained on day 1 and 2 will be used to measure baseline values for study endpoints, whereas blood samples obtained on the two last days will be used to measure final endpoint values.

Penny Kris-Etherton

RD, PhD

University of Manitoba

Micro-encapsulated powder containing corn oil placebo.

Micro-encapsulated powder containing 1:1 ratio of the omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the omega-6 fatty acid, arachidonic acid (ARA) from algal and fungal sources, respectively.

Infant Development

Micro-encapsulated powder containing the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, DHA to ARA in a 1:1 ratio. Two foil-packets containing active intervention (200mg DHA+200mg ARA) or placebo (400 mg corn oil) per day added to a selection of recommended foods.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA)

Micro-encapsulated powder containing corn oil as the placebo.

Corn oil placebo

webpage for Retina Foundation of the Southwest

Retina Foundation of the Southwest

Effect of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Toddler Cognition

The Effects of Extended Duration of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (LCP)-Supplementation on Neurological and Immunological Development in Toddlers

phospholipid/ذرة

Fish Oil Supplementation, Nutrigenomics and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Canola Oil Multicentre Intervention Trial (COMIT)

Effect of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Toddler Cognition

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