potassium chloride/صداع

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Stimulation of rat cranial dura mater with potassium chloride causes CGRP release into the cerebrospinal fluid and increases medullary blood flow.

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Primary headaches may be accompanied by increased intracranial blood flow induced by the release of the potent vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from activated meningeal afferents. We aimed to record meningeal and medullary blood flow simultaneously and to localize the sites of CGRP

Evaluation of bedoradrine sulfate (MN-221), a novel, highly selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist for the treatment of asthma via intravenous infusion.

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BACKGROUND The number of hospitalizations or deaths due to asthma, most of which result from acute exacerbations of asthma, has remained the same for the past 20 years. MN-221 (bedoradrine sulfate) is a novel, highly selective beta2- (β2-) adrenergic agonist administered via intravenous (IV)

Pregnancy during the course of Cushing's syndrome: a case report and literature review

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Summary: Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder that causes anovulatory infertility secondary to hypercortisolism; therefore, pregnancy rarely occurs during its course. We present the case of a 24-year-old, 16-week pregnant female

Extracranial blood flow, pain and tenderness in migraine. Clinical and experimental studies.

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Migraine pain has traditionally been ascribed to dilatation of primarily extracranial arteries. Such dilatation has, however, not been demonstrated so far. Studies of microcirculation reveal no major hyperperfusion or ischemia in the temporal muscle or the subcutaneous tissue in the temporal region

Oxprenolol slow-release with cyclopenthiazide KCl in the treatment of essential hypertension. A multicentre general practice study.

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In part I of this article we report on 89 hypertensive patients who underwent 9 months of treatment with oxprenolol HCl 160 mg in a slow-release formulation plus cyclopenthiazide 0.25 mg and potassium chloride 600 mg (Trasidrex; Ciba-Geigy). Blood pressures, both supine and standing, and pulse rates

[The efficacy of remaxol addition in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome].

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OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of remaxol addition in the treatment scheme of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. METHODS Eighty patients with alcohol dependence and physical symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome were enrolled. All patients received basic therapy in accordance to the applicable

Acute poisoning with clenbuterol--a case report.

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In the paper we have described a case of acute, unintentional intoxication with clenbuterol, a selective beta 2-agonist. A 21-year-old bodybuilder to improve his physical fitness and to increase his muscle bulk was using clenbuterol in a dose of two tablets (20 mg) daily for a week before poisoning.

A new antihypertensive agent. Clinical evaluation of a Rauwolfia-flumethiazide combination (rautrax).

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Twenty-eight patients were treated with Rautrax,(R) a combination of flumethiazide, rauwolfia and potassium chloride for from one to seven months. The average mean blood pressure for the group declined from 135 mm. of mercury to 107 mm. All but two of the patients had a decrease in blood pressure

Long-term bumetanide treatment of patients with edema due to renal disease. Cooperative studies.

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Bumetanide was compared with furosemide in a total of 43 outpatients with edema due to renal disease, selected from three clinics following a uniform protocol. By random selection, 31 patients received 1 to 10 mg/day bumetanide, and 12 received 40 to 400 mg/day furosemide for at least six months.

StatPearls

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Electrolytes are essential for basic life functioning such as maintaining electrical neutrality in the cells, generation, and conduction of action potentials in the nerves and muscles. Sodium, potassium, and chloride are the significant electrolytes along with magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ modulates cortical activity and trigeminal nociception.

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BACKGROUND Alterations in the levels of nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) have been reported in patients with primary headaches, including migraines and cluster headaches. These clinical observations suggest that N/OFQ is involved in the pathogenesis of primary headaches. OBJECTIVE The present study

Serotonin depletion, cortical spreading depression, and trigeminal nociception.

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BACKGROUND The attack of migraine has been observed to be associated with low level of serotonin (5-HT). Although the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unclear, change in cortical excitability or susceptibility of trigeminal system is a possible explanation. OBJECTIVE The aim was to

Glutamate dysregulation in the trigeminal ganglion: a novel mechanism for peripheral sensitization of the craniofacial region.

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In the trigeminal ganglion (TG), satellite glial cells (SGCs) form a functional unit with neurons. It has been proposed that SGCs participate in regulating extracellular glutamate levels and that dysfunction of this SGC capacity can impact nociceptive transmission in craniofacial pain conditions.

Diet-induced obesity alters dural CGRP release and potentiates TRPA1-mediated trigeminovascular responses.

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Background Clinical studies suggest a link between obesity and the primary headache disorder migraine. In our study we aimed to reveal the effect of obesity on meningeal nociceptor function in rats receiving a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Methods Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1)

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