Diclofenac (75mg intramuscular), Placebo (100ml intravenous Normal Saline), Paracetamol (per oral 1gm)

Diclofenac (75mg intramuscular), Paracetamol (intravenous1gm in 100ml solution), Placebo (sugar tablets)

Diclofenac (75mg intramuscular),Placebo (100ml intravenous Normal Saline),Placebo (sugar tablets)

Musculoskeletal Injury

analgesic effect of diclofenac along with either Oral versus Intravenous paracetamol versus placebo

Diclofenac and Paracetamol

Synergistic Effect Of Parenteral Diclofenac And Paracetamol In The Pain Management Of Acute Limb Injuries

Pain score on a numerical rating scale (NRS). The scale is a 11 point scale where 0 is no pain and 10 is the worst pain ever.

Dr. Isma Qureshi

Academic Research Associate

Hamad Medical Corporation

Combination 1- Diclofenac Placebo Paracetamol (Oral) Combination 2- Diclofenac Paracetamol (IV) Placebo Combination 3- Diclofenac Placebo Placebo

The physicians, participants, nurses and the outcome assessor will all be blinded to the intervention. The trial packets will be prepared containing the active drugs and placebos.

Renal Colic

Flank Pain

Back Pain

Shoreline Medical Center

Yale University, Emergency Department

Limit Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning in Suspected Renal Colic

Validation of a Decision Rule to Limit CT Scanning in Suspected Renal Colic

both the CT results and the follow-up documentation will be reviewed by two separate MD observers who are blinded to both the predictor variables and the outcome of the decision rule. CT results will be categorized as defined above, and intervention as defined above will either be considered present (immediate or delayed) or absent based on follow-up documentation. In the case where there is a discrepancy in the categorization of CT or intervention, a third reviewer will be used as a tie-breaker, with discussion amongst all parties to reach a consensus if this is not clear.

Yale University

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)

Morphine

Hydromorphone

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Race/Ethnicity, Customized

Region of Enrollment

Weight

Primary Language

based on a numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0 ("no pain") to 10 ("worst possible pain")

Baseline Pain Score

Number of participants who took analgesics before coming to the ED

Number of participants who had pain in specific locations

Number of participants experiencing nausea since pain began

Number of participants experiencing vomiting since pain began

Pain scores are a measure of pain intensity and are measured on the numerical rating scale (NRS), from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Participants are asked to rate their pain using this scale at baseline before any medication is administered and again 30 minutes after medication is infused

Change in Pain Intensity

Pain score is a measure of pain intensity using the numerical rating scale (NRS), from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). Data is separated into two groups: those with greater than or equal to 50% change in their pain score and those with less than 50% change in their pain score.

Number of Participants With a Change in Pain Score

Pain relief here is a subjective measure indicated by the following categories: No, Slight, Moderate, and Complete. Participants were asked to pick the category that best fit their level of pain relief 30 minutes after medication was infused.

Number of Participants With Pain Relief

Number of participants who were satisfied with pain medication received, based on their response of good to excellent or poor to fair. Participants were asked to pick which response best fit their satisfaction with the pain medication they received 30 minutes after that medication was infused "Good to Excellent" or "Poor to fair".

Number of Participants Satisfied With Pain Medication

Overall Study

Andrew Chang, MD

Acute Pain

Montefiore Medical Center

Trial Comparing Morphine to Hydromorphone in Elderly Patients With Severe Pain

A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Intravenous Morphine and Intravenous Hydromorphone in the Treatment of Adult ED Patients With Moderate to Severe Pain

renal colic/سرطان

Synergistic Effect Of Parenteral Diclofenac And Paracetamol In The Pain Management Of Acute Limb Injuries

Limit Computed Tomography (CT) Scanning in Suspected Renal Colic

Trial Comparing Morphine to Hydromorphone in Elderly Patients With Severe Pain

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