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The human growth hormone-releasing hormone transgenic mouse as a model of modest obesity: differential changes in leptin receptor (OBR) gene expression in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus after fasting and OBR localization in somatotrophs.

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We reported previously an increase in leptin receptor (OBR) gene expression in the anterior pituitary of human GH-releasing hormone (hGHRH) transgenic mice. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the possible mechanisms regulating OBR expression in these mice. Compared with normal sibling

Vascular action of circulating and local natriuretic peptide systems is potentiated in obese/hyperglycemic and hypertensive rats.

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Hypertension is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to explore the pathophysiological significance of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system in hypertension associated with genetically obese/hyperglycemic Wistar fatty rats. The messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the

Regulation of PPARgamma but not obese gene expression by dietary fat supplementation.

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Leptin, the product of the obese gene, and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) are important regulators of energy metabolism, adipogenesis, and immune function. In rodent models, both genes seem to respond at the mRNA and/or protein levels to dietary fat consumption. To

Neuropeptide Y expression and endogenous leptin concentrations in a dietary model of obesity.

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OBJECTIVE To determine how leptin concentrations and neuropeptide (NPY) are regulated in a model of dietary obesity in relation to relative growth (RG) and relative food consumption (RFC). METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a moderately high-fat diet for 14 weeks over which time animals diverged

Skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-gamma expression in obesity and non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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The two isoforms of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma1 and PPARgamma2), are ligand-activated transcription factors that are the intracellular targets of a new class of insulin sensitizing agents, the thiazolidinediones. The observation that thiazolidinediones enhance

Postnatal ablation of POMC neurons induces an obese phenotype characterized by decreased food intake and enhanced anxiety-like behavior.

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Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus are central components of systems regulating appetite and energy homeostasis. Here we report on the establishment of a mouse model in which the ribonuclease III ribonuclease Dicer-1 has been specifically deleted from

Effects of interleukin-15 (IL-15) on adipose tissue mass in rodent obesity models: evidence for direct IL-15 action on adipose tissue.

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Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a proinflammatory cytokine with multifunctional effects outside the immune system. Previous studies have indicated that treatment of normal rats with IL-15 reduces white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, but it was unclear if these effects were direct or indirect. In the present

Modulation of vascular natriuretic peptide receptor gene expression in hypertensive and obese hyperglycemic rats.

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Receptors for natriuretic peptide (NP) consist of three subtypes: NP-A, NP-B, and NP-C. Recent studies in cultured aortic cells have suggested a phenotype-related switching of the vascular NP receptor from NP-A to NP-B. To ascertain the biological significance of the phenomenon in vivo, we developed

Ribonuclease-Mediated Control of Body Fat.

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Obesity is a global health issue, arousing interest in molecular mechanisms controlling fat. Transcriptional regulation of fat has received much attention, and key transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, such as SBP-1/SREBP, LPD-2/C/EBP, and MDT-15, are conserved from nematodes to

Identification and characterization of a novel transcript of the murine growth hormone receptor gene exhibiting development- and tissue-specific expression.

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The growth hormone (GH) receptor gene is characterized by heterogeneity in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). The technique of 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was employed to identify potentially novel 5'-UTRs for the GH receptor gene. One of the RACE clones displayed sequence homology to

Evidence that dark-phase hyperphagia induced by neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine may be due to decreased leptin and increased neuropeptide Y signaling.

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Hyperphagia and obesity can be experimentally induced in rodents by microinjection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNAB) to interrupt efferent catecholaminergic pathways to the hypothalamus. Since hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) is implicated in the control of

Muscle Rad expression and human metabolism: potential role of the novel Ras-related GTPase in energy expenditure and body composition.

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Ras associated with diabetes (Rad), a new ras-related GTPase, was recently identified by subtractive cloning as an mRNA in skeletal muscle that is overexpressed in NIDDM. To better understand its metabolic significance, we measured skeletal muscle Rad expression in well-characterized insulin

Constitutive activation of STAT-3 and downregulation of SOCS-3 expression induced by adrenalectomy.

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Removal of adrenal steroids by adrenalectomy (ADX) slows or reverses the development of many forms of obesity in rodents, including those that are leptin or leptin receptor deficient. Obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance. We hypothesized that glucocorticoids impair leptin

Proinsulin I and II gene expression in inbred mouse strains.

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Mice and rats express two nonidentical insulins from a pair of unlinked genes. We have applied a nuclease protection assay, which can sensitively quantify each of the mouse insulin mRNAs, to the resolution of the following questions concerning their expression. First, it has not been established

Posttranscriptional regulation of mammalian circadian clock output.

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Circadian clocks are present in many different cell types/tissues and control many aspects of physiology. This broad control is exerted, at least in part, by the circadian regulation of many genes, resulting in rhythmic expression patterns of 5-10% of the mRNAs in a given tissue. Although

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