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The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase.

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Certain plants produce glycine betaine (GlyBet) in the chloroplast by a two-step oxidation of choline. Introducing GlyBet accumulation into plants that lack it is a well-established target for metabolic engineering because GlyBet can lessen damage from osmotic stress. The first step in GlyBet

Expression of genes encoding the tobacco chloroplast phosphate translocator is not light-regulated and is repressed by sucrose.

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A cDNA encoding the complete precursor of the phosphate translocator of the chloroplast inner envelope membrane has been isolated from a tobacco leaf (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun) lambda gt 11 library. The tobacco cDNA is 1546 bp in length and encodes a precursor protein of 401 amino acid residues

Import and processing of the precursor of the Rieske FeS protein of tobacco chloroplasts.

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cDNA clones encoding the precursor of the Rieske FeS protein of tobacco chloroplasts have been characterised and shown to derive from two different genes. The 5' ends of the corresponding transcripts have been cloned using primer extension and PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs (and their 5'

Nuclear-encoded tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein L24. Protein identification, sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding its cytoplasmic precursor, and mRNA and genomic DNA analysis.

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Using a Nicotiana tabacum leaf cDNA library in the expression vector lambda gt11, two cDNAs encoding the full-length precursor polypeptide (M(r) 20,696) of tobacco chloroplast ribosomal protein L24 were identified and sequenced. These cDNAs encode a mature protein of 146 amino acids (M(r) 16,418)

Nicotiana chloroplast genome : 8. Localization of genes for subunits of ATP synthase, the cytochrome b-f complex and the 32 kD protein.

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Using the existing restriction map and probes from wheat and pea ct-DNA, seven protein genes have been localized in the chloroplast genome of N. tabacum. On the clock-like map, the location of each gene is indicated by its time zone: the 15.2 kD polypeptide of the cytochrome b/f complex at 3∶15,

Characterization of a gene for spinach CAP160 and expression of two spinach cold-acclimation proteins in tobacco.

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The cDNA sequence for CAP160, an acidic protein previously linked with cold acclimation in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), was characterized and found to encode a novel acidic protein of 780 amino acids having very limited homology to a pair of Arabidopsis thaliana stress-regulated proteins, rd29A

Flow injection preconcentration system using a new functionalized resin for determination of cadmium and nickel in tobacco samples.

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A solid-phase extraction method combined with flow injection (FI) on-line flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for the determination of cadmium and nickel in tobacco samples is presented. The 2-aminothiophenol functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (AT-XAD) resin was synthesized by covalent coupling

Overexpression of SoCYP85A1 Increases the Accumulation of Castasterone and Confers Enhanced Black Shank Tolerance in Tobacco Through Modulation of the Antioxidant Enzymes' Activities.

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Black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae is one of the most devastating diseases in tobacco production. In this study, we characterized a novel cytochromic resistance gene, SoCYP85A1, from spinach, which was upregulated in response to P. nicotianae infection. Overexpression

Characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase in plastids of tobacco BY-2 cells.

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In higher plants, ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), the major H2O2-scavenging enzyme, occurs in several distinct isoenzymes that are localized in cytosol and various cell organelles. Here, we have purified and characterized an APX from the soluble fraction of plastids of non-photosynthetic

The sequence and secondary structure of the 3'-UTR affect 3'-end maturation, RNA accumulation, and translation in tobacco chloroplasts.

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RNA maturation and modulation of RNA stability play important roles in chloroplast gene expression. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that both the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) contain sequence and structural elements that guide these processes, and interact with specific proteins.

An Examination of the Plastid DNA of Hypohaploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Plants.

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DNA was extracted from different morphological types of hypohaploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants. The cellular levels of chloroplast DNA (expressed as percent of total DNA) were found to be approximately two- to threefold higher in two albino hypohaploids than in a green hypohaploid. The level

The nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.

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The gene for the large subunit (LS) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCase/Oase) from tobacco has been cloned in pBR322 and sequenced. The coding region contains 1431 bp (477 codons). The deduced amino acid sequence of tobacco LS protein shows 90% homology with those of maize

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase and Polyphenol Oxidase in the Tobacco Mutant Su/su and Three Green Revertant Plants.

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Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (EC 4.1.1.39) was crystallized from a heterozygous tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) aurea mutant (Su/su), its wild-type sibling (su/su), and green revertant plants regenerated from green spots found on leaves of haploid Su plants. No differences were

RNA editing in tobacco chloroplasts leads to the formation of a translatable psbL mRNA by a C to U substitution within the initiation codon.

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The psbL gene which codes for a 38 amino acid peptide of photosystem II, together with the photosynthetic genes psbE and psbF, is contained in a conserved position of many species of higher plant plastomes. The alignment of the psbL nucleotide sequences from ten species shows strong conservation,

Molecular cloning of a cDNA clone for tobacco lipid transfer protein and expression of the functional protein in Escherichia coli.

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A cDNA clone encoding a lipid transfer protein (LTP) was isolated from tobacco by screening a library with a PCR-amplified spinach LTP gene. DNA sequence analysis showed a large open reading frame (344 bp) encoding a polypeptide of 114 amino acids. The first 23 amino acids of the deduced protein

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