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Growth of transplastomic cells expressing D-amino acid oxidase in chloroplasts is tolerant to D-alanine and inhibited by D-valine.

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Dual-conditional positive/negative selection markers are versatile genetic tools for manipulating genomes. Plastid genomes are relatively small and conserved DNA molecules that can be manipulated precisely by homologous recombination. High-yield expression of recombinant products and maternal

The valine anticodon and valylatability of Peanut clump virus RNAs are not essential but provide a modest competitive advantage in plants.

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The role of valine aminoacylation of the two genomic RNAs of Peanut clump virus (PCV) was studied by comparing the amplification in vivo of RNAs with GAC, GDeltaC, or CCA anticodons in the tRNA-like structure (TLS) present at the 3' end of each viral RNA. The PCV RNA1 TLS of isolate PCV2 possesses a

Kinetics of l-Valine Uptake in Suspension-Cultured Cells and Protoplast-Derived Cells of Tobacco: Comparison of Wild-Type and the Val-2 Mutant.

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A kinetic analysis was made of l-valine uptake in protoplast-derived cells (mesophyll protoplasts cultured for 6 days) and in suspension-cultured cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L., cv Xanthi). Cells from wild-type and Val(r)-2 mutant plants were compared. A low-K(m) component was found in

Cellular genetic study of a somatic instability in a tobacco mutant: in vitro isolation of valine-resistant spontaneous mutants.

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A chlorophyll-deficient mutant line of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), named tl, displays spontaneously on leaves green, white, and twinned green/white somatic variations at high frequencies (10(-3) to 10(-2)). The frequency of cell events leading to the somatic variations has been shown to be closely

Direct selection of cybrids by streptomycin and valine resistance in tobacco.

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Direct selection of cybrids by simultaneous selection for "donor" chloroplasts and for the "recipient" nuclei is described. Mesophyll protoplasts of two tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutants, SR1 (streptomycin resistant) and Val(r)-2 (valine resistant), were fused by polyethylene glycol treatment.

The mitochondrial isovaleryl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase of arabidopsis oxidizes intermediates of leucine and valine catabolism.

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We recently identified a cDNA encoding a putative isovaleryl-coenzyme A (CoA) dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis (AtIVD). In animals, this homotetrameric enzyme is located in mitochondria and catalyzes the conversion of isovaleryl-CoA to 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA as an intermediate step in the leucine (Leu)

Altered feedback sensitivity of acetohydroxyacid synthase from valine-resistant mutants of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.).

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Acetohydroxyacid synthase (EC 4.1.3.18) has been extracted from leaves of three valine-resistant (Val(r)) tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutants, and compared with the enzyme from the wild-type. The enzyme from all three mutants is appreciably less sensitive to inhibition by leucine and valine than the

The mutagenic effect of gamma rays on leaf protoplasts of haploid and dihaploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, estimated by valine resistance mutation frequencies.

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Leaf protoplasts isolated from haploid and dihaploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plantlets were treated with different doses of gamma-rays and their survival was determined by scoring for plating efficiency at each irradiation dose. A fixed number of surviving protoplast-derived colonies was then

Valine resistant plants derived from mutated haploid and diploid protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris and N. tabacum.

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Protoplasts were derived from haploid and diploid Nicotiana sylvestris and N. tabacum. Exposure of the protoplasts to mutagenic doses of ultraviolet (U.V.) radiation prior to two selection rounds in the presence of 4 mM (or 5 mM) and 8 mM of valine, respectively, was required to obtain cell lines

Kinetics of L-valine uptake in tobacco leaf discs. Comparison of wild-type, the digenic mutant Val(r)-2, and its monogenic derivatives.

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Uptake rates of L-valine in epidermis-free leaf discs of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi) were measured over the concentration range 0.1 μM to 50 mM. Wild-type tobacco was compared with the digenic mutant Val(r)-2 (genotype vr2/vr2; vr3/vr3), and with the monogenic mutant strains h9 and h10

Valine-Resistance, a Potential Marker in Plant Cell Genetics. II. Optimization of Uv Mutagenesis and Selection of Valine-Resistant Colonies Derived from Tobacco Mesophyll Protoplasts.

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The induction and selection of valine-resistant mutants from haploid tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) mesophyll protoplast-derived cells have been studied. Using cells from an original mutant plant obtained previously, we performed reconstruction experiments in order to determine the best conditions

Proton-symport of L-valine in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from leaves of the wild-type and the Val(r)-2 mutant of Nicotiana tabacum L.

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Transport of amino acids across the plasma membranes of various cell types is a key process in controlling the nitrogen balance of leaves. We studied the transport of the neutral amino acid L-valine into plasma membrane vesicles obtained by aqueous polymer two-phase partitioning of a microsomal

Glycosylation motifs that direct arabinogalactan addition to arabinogalactan-proteins.

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Hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) participate in all aspects of plant growth and development. HRGPs are generally highly O-glycosylated through the Hyp residues, which means carbohydrates help define the interactive molecular surface and, hence, HRGP function. The Hyp contiguity

Analysis of an autoproteolytic activity of rice yellow mottle virus silencing suppressor P1.

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Ectopically expressed rice yellow mottle virus P1 fusion proteins were found to be cleaved in planta and in Escherichia coli. Cleavage takes place in the absence of bacterial protease activity, indicating that the P1 fusion is autocatalytically processed independently of host factors. N-terminal

Biological activities of indoleacetylamino acids and their use as auxins in tissue culture.

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THE AUXIN ACTIVITIES OF A NUMBER OF INDOLEACETYLAMINO ACID CONJUGATES HAVE BEEN DETERMINED IN THREE TEST SYSTEMS: growth of tomato hypocotyl explants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Marglobe); growth of tobacco callus cultures (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38); and ethylene production from

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