الصفحة 1 من عند 822 النتائج
The operant lever-pressing response has previously (Ljungberg, Pharmacol Biochem Behav 27: 341-350, 1987) been found to be inhibited by lower doses of haloperidol than the corresponding consummatory act, i.e., water intake. In the present study it was found that the attenuation of the lever-pressing
The specific dopamine (DA) D-1 receptor antagonist SCH 23390 was found to attenuate operant lever-pressing with water as reward in a dose-dependent manner and more potently than drinking itself. This effect occurred in the same fashion as previously reported for DA D-2 antagonists. In contrast to
Vitamin C (ascorbate) has important antioxidant functions that can help protect against oxidative stress in the brain and damage associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. When administered parenterally ascorbate can bypass saturable uptake mechanisms in the gut and
Central cholinergic (ACh) blockade produces profound cognitive impairments in human and animal subjects. Our previous research demonstrated that ACh blockade exacerbates stress-induced adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) secretion, and increases anxiety-like behavior (ALB) in rats.
Male Fischer-344 rats (n = 38) at 5 months old were tested in a Morris water maze to determine if treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor, phenserine (PHEN), would overcome a learning impairment induced by scopolamine (SCOP), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist. Each rat was randomly
It has been postulated that behavioral inhibition due to punishment or extinction may be mediated by brain acetylcholine, and drugs which have disinhibitory action are thought to interact with this system. This notion was tested by comparing the effects of scopolamine, physostigmine and
Glucose has previously been shown to improve performance on memory tasks and to ameliorate performance deficits induced by scopolamine or morphine. To test the generality of these observations, Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to alternate choices to reach an escape platform in a two-choice circular
The water-soluble derivative of propolis (WSDP) was prepared from fresh Chinese propolis. Its major constituents were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. It has been reported that propolis possessed a broad spectrum of biological activities but including few studies
The disruptive effect of cholinergic blockade was tested under conditions in which either the working memory or the spatial mapping requirements of the behavioral task were emphasized. In Experiment 1, 13 rats were trained in an eight-arm radial water maze to asymptotic performance. When delays of
Cholinergic brain activity plays a significant role in memory. Scopolamine a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist is known to induce impairment in Morris water maze performance, the task which is mainly dependent on the hippocampus. It is suggested that hippocampal ERK and Akt activation play roles in
In a previous study, daily injections of glucose, 100 and 250 mg/kg i.p., in Sprague-Dawley rats failed to either facilitate acquisition or to ameliorate scopolamine- or morphine-induced deficits on a water maze alternation task (Means, et al., 1996). The present study demonstrates that daily
Z-ajoene, a major compound containing sulfur in oil-macerated garlic products, exhibited inhibitory effects against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze test. The effects of Z-ajoene were observed dose-dependently (0.25-25 mg/kg). At the highest dosage, the
The stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe or their blockade in the hippocampus can reduce cognitive deficits induced by blockade of muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus. We investigated the effects of MDL 73005 (8-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-ylmethylamino) ethyl]-8-azaspiro[4,5]
BACKGROUND
Panax ginseng root is used in traditional oriental medicine for human health. Its main active components such as saponins and polysaccharides have been widely evaluated for treating diseases, but secondary active components such as oligosaccharides have been rarely studied. This study