A Novel Droplet-Fabricated Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanohybrid Granules for Hemorrhage Control.

Uncontrolled hemorrhage is one of the leading cause for death in both civilian and military trauma. The zeolite-based hemostatic agent currently available in clinic exhibits great exothermic reaction and poor biodegradability. To overcome these limitations, in this study, we developed a novel mesoporous silica (MS)-based calcium alginate nanohybrid granule (p-MS/CA) for hemorrhage control. The p-MS/CA was prepared by an in situ pore-forming, droplet process and the granule prepared was 2-3 mm in size with rough and macroporous surface. The p-MS/CA could significantly accelerate water absorption and block off the damaged tissue, and thereby efficiently promoted platelet and plasma protein adhesion, enhanced wound adherence, facilitated the contact activation pathway of coagulation cascade with desirable hemostasis. Hemostasis test demonstrated that the p-MS/CA granule could reduce about 50% hemostatic time both in vitro and vivo and decrease blood loss. Meanwhile, the nanocomposite of p-MS/CA exhibited excellent cell viability and did not induce hemolysis. Furthermore, the preparation process for multipore p-MS/CA is low-cost, quick and easy to achieve large-scale production. Owing to the superior hemostatic performance and simple preparation process, we believe that this study will provide an alternative approach for hemorrhage control in some specific injury types, and have immense potential for commercial and clinical application.