Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pear Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Chinese Pear Orchards.

Pear psyllids are among the most damaging pests in pear orchards, but little knowledge exists of psyllid species in cultivated pear orchards in China. In this study, DNA sequence analyses of the 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) DNA regions were performed to identify pear psyllids from 28 regions of 20 provinces in China and to classify their genetic relationships to understand the origin of the species. The results showed that Cacopsylla chinensis Yang et Li (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was found in most pear orchards in China, but Cacopsylla qianli (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) was found in only the cities of Guiyang (Guizhou province) and Xiangyang (Hubei province). The results for the 16S rDNA and COI regions were similar. Based on the nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rDNA and COI, C. chinensis could be divided into three groups: lineages I, II, and III. Based on 16S rDNA and COI, lineage II showed approximately 4% and 3% difference from lineage I, and lineage III showed approximately 12% and 9% difference from lineage I, respectively. C. chinensis lineage I was found in most provinces of China, while C. chinensis lineage II samples were mainly found in the Bohai rim region of China, and lineage III samples were found in Northeast China. The results of this study will provide information to pear producers regarding effective control measures to prevent further damage from pear psyllids.