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Salicylic acid is associated with the primary defense responses to biotic stress and formation of systemic acquired resistance. However, molecular mechanisms of early cell reactions to phytohormone application are currently undisclosed. The present study investigates the participation of
The structure and biosynthetic route for an unidentified lipid (lipid X) detected by TLC of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) lipids was determined. Lipid X is a phospholipid that is resistant to mild alkali and detectable by MALDI-TOF MS as an adduct with Phos-tag, a phosphate-capture zinc complex.
Plasma membrane proteins are displayed through diverse mechanisms, including anchoring in the extracellular leaflet via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) molecules. GPI-anchored membrane proteins (GPI-APs) are a functionally and structurally diverse protein family, and their importance is
Phospholipase D (PLD) is a key enzyme involved in numerous processes in all living organisms. Hydrolysis of phospholipids by PLD allows the release of phosphatidic acid which is a crucial intermediate of multiple pathways and signaling reactions, including tumorigenesis in mammals and defense
Phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial component of plant-induced defense against biotrophic pathogens. Although the key players of the SA pathway are known, there are still gaps in the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the regulation of particular steps. In our previous research,
Accumulation of proline has been observed in a large number of plant species in response to drought and salt stresses, suggesting a key role of this amino acid in plant stress adaptation. Upstream components of the proline biosynthesis signal transduction pathways are still poorly defined. We
Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana harboring a fusion of the cytokinin-responsive ARR5 gene promoter and the GUS reporter gene were used for a pharmacological approach to study cytokinin signal transduction. The assay was shown to be rapid, sensitive, dose-dependent and highly specific for
Plants respond to wounding by means of a multitude of reactions, with the purpose of stifling herbivore assault. Phospholipase D (PLD) has previously been implicated in the wounding response. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtPLDalpha1 has been proposed to be activated in intact cells, and the
Phospholipase D alpha 1 (PLDα1) is a phospholipid hydrolyzing enzyme playing multiple regulatory roles in stress responses of plants. Its signaling activity is mediated by phosphatidic acid (PA) production, capacity to bind, and modulate G-protein complexes or by interaction with other proteins.
The common plant phospholipase D (PLD), PLDalpha, has been proposed to be involved in wound-induced production of jasmonic acid. To better understand the role(s) of PLDalpha in the wound response, detailed lipid analysis was carried out to determine the in vivo substrates and the contribution of
Phospholipase D (PLD) and its product phosphatidic acid (PA) are emerging as essential regulators of cytoskeleton organization in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of PA-mediated microtubule reorganization in plants remain largely unknown. In this study, we used pharmacological
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a central role in defense against pathogen attack, as well as in germination, flowering, senescence, and the acquisition of thermotolerance. In this report we investigate the involvement of phospholipase D (PLD) in the SA signaling pathway. In presence of exogenous primary
BACKGROUND
Phospholipases D (PLD) are major components of signalling pathways in plant responses to some stresses and hormones. The product of PLD activity is phosphatidic acid (PA). PAs with different acyl chains do not have the same protein targets, so to understand the signalling role of PLD it
Phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4.) has been implicated in a variety of plant processes, including signalling. In Arabidopsis thaliana a PLD gene family has been described and individual members classified into alpha-, beta- and gamma-classes. Here we describe a second PLD gene family in tomato
The oxylipin pathway is of central importance for plant defensive responses. Yet, the first step of the pathway, the liberation of linolenic acid following induction, is poorly understood. Phospholipases D (PLDs) have been hypothesized to mediate this process, but data from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis