antitussives/атрофия

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Studies on the nonspecific central nervous system effects of the novel antitussive compound vadocaine hydrochloride.

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Vadocaine hydrochloride (2',4'-dimethyl-6'-methoxy-3-(2-methylpiperidyl) propionanilide hydrochloride, OR K-242-HCl; INN: vadocaine) is a novel antitussive compound which is effective in several animal models at doses of 2.5-6 mg/kg. It has both central and peripheral local anaesthetizing

The Antitussive Benzonatate Is Not Tumorigenic in Rodent Carcinogenicity Studies.

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Benzonatate is a peripheral oral antitussive that dampens the activity of cough stretch receptors. Rodent carcinogenicity studies were performed in Tg.rasH2 mice and Wistar Han rats. Mice were orally gavaged benzonatate at 10, 30, 75, and 100 mg/kg/day for males and 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg/day for

Dextromethorphan protects dopaminergic neurons against inflammation-mediated degeneration through inhibition of microglial activation.

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Inflammation in the brain has increasingly been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration involves activation of the brain's resident immune cells,

Cognitive deterioration from long-term abuse of dextromethorphan: a case report.

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Dextromethorphan (DM), the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan, is the main ingredient in a number of widely available, over-the-counter antitussives. Initial studies (Bornstein 1968) showed that it possessed no respiratory suppressant effects and no addiction liability.

Currently available cough suppressants for chronic cough.

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Chronic cough is a common symptom but only a fraction of patients seek medical attention. Addressing the causes of chronic cough may lead to control of cough; however, this approach is not always successful since there is a certain degree of failure even when the cause(s) of cough are adequately

MK-801, but not naloxone, attenuates high-dose dextromethorphan-induced convulsive behavior: Possible involvement of the GluN2B receptor.

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Dextromethorphan (DM) is a dextrorotatory isomer of levorphanol, a typical morphine-like opioid. When administered at supra-antitussive doses, DM produces psychotoxic and neurotoxic effects in humans. Although DM abuse has been well-documented, few studies have examined the effects of high-dose DM.

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Codeine (CAS No. 76-57-3) in F344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Studies).

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Codeine is used in a variety of pharmaceuticals including analgesics, sedatives, hypnotics, antiperistaltics, and antitussive agents. The National Cancer Institute and the Food and Drug Administration nominated codeine for study because it is a widely used drug and it is representative of the

Chronic cough due to chronic bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines.

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BACKGROUND Chronic bronchitis is a disease of the bronchi that is manifested by cough and sputum expectoration occurring on most days for at least 3 months of the year and for at least 2 consecutive years when other respiratory or cardiac causes for the chronic productive cough are excluded. The

Protective effect of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide on cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

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The aim of this research was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities of Potentilla anserina polysaccharide (PAP) on kidney damage induced by cadmium (Cd) in vitro and in vivo. PAP has been suggested to have anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation, antimicrobial,

Femtomolar concentrations of dextromethorphan protect mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons from inflammatory damage.

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Inflammation in the brain has increasingly been recognized to play an important role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Progress in the search for effective therapeutic strategies that can halt this degenerative process remains limited. We

Dextromethorphan inhibits ischemia-induced c-fos expression and delayed neuronal death in hippocampal neurons.

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BACKGROUND Dextromethorphan (DM), a widely used antitussive agent, has been shown to possess both anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties functionally related to its inhibitory effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. The current study was designed to determine whether DM administration

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of saccharin in alcoholic products.

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After preliminary cleanup, sodium saccharin can be quantitatively determined in wines and proprietary drugs by using high pressure liquid chromatography. The preliminary cleanup removes materials that cause column deterioration, loss of baseline stability, and interfering peaks. The average

Oral administration of dextromethorphan does not produce neuronal vacuolation in the rat brain.

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Dextromethorphan is a widely used antitussive agent, also showing increased recreational abuse. Dextromethorphan and its metabolite dextrorphan are non-competitive antagonists at the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor ion channel. Single doses of some NMDA receptor antagonists produce

Investigation of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonism as a Novel Treatment for Chronic Bronchitis in Dogs.

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BACKGROUND Canine chronic bronchitis (CCB) results in cough lasting ≥2 months and airway inflammation. Adverse effects include risk of secondary infection associated with lifelong corticosteroid administration and prompt investigation into alternative therapies. Neurogenic pathways mediated by

[Analysis of the phenomenon of over-the-counter drug abuse and not controlled herbs trade by polish adolescents: Part I].

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The phenomenon of stupefying by the use of available over-the-counter drugs (OTC) among adolescents is an essential problem in both Poland and throughout the world. Popular analgesics, cold medicine and antihistamines contain psychedelic substances, such as dextromethorphan (DXM),

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