The BI participants will initially undergo simple spirometry and a 6-minute walk test and Borg scale application upon admission to the thoracic surgery department. Immediately after the exams, they will undergo a TENS application session over the acupuncture points: Feishu, Zhongfu, Taiyuan and Dingchuan using a frequency of 200Hz and a pulse time of 80 seconds of sufficient intensity to cause a slight sensation of local numbness without muscle fasciculations. The TENS application time will be 30 minutes. Immediately after the TENS application, the participants will be submitted to a new spirometry, a new 6-minute walk test and again to the Borg scale.

The BC participants will undergo the same steps as BI, however when applying TENS to these participants investigators will place the electrodes over the points without turning on the device in order to obtain the effect of a placebo.

Lung Diseases

Dyspnea

Acupuncture

TENS application session over the acupuncture points: Feishu, Zhongfu, Taiyuan and Dingchuan using a frequency of 200Hz and a pulse time of 80 seconds of sufficient intensity to cause a slight sensation of local numbness without muscle fasciculations. The TENS application time will be 30 minutes.

transcutaneous nerve electrostimulation (TENS) of acupuncture points

Ambulatório de Nódulos e Massas Pulmonares H Santa Marcelina

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules Treated at a Referral Service: A Randomized Single Blind Study

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the forced vital capacity (FVC) values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the VEF1/FVC ratio values from the spirometry prior to intervention and post intervention spirometry to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

To evaluate this outcome the investigators will access the 6 minutes Walk Test distance values prior to intervention and post intervention to compare if there are diferences in these values after the TENS application or placebo according to the subgroup of each participant

The investigators will compare the Borg scale measures prior and after the intervention to access if the were changes in dyspnea symptoms for each participant from each arm.

The investigators will compare the blood oxygen saturation using the pulse oximetry measures prior and after the intervention to access if the were changes in dyspnea symptoms for each participant from each arm.

Igor Renato Louro Bruno de Abreu

Medical Staff of Thoracic Surgery Department of Santa Marcelina Hospital

Hospital Santa Marcelina

. To minimize the impact of non-blinding investigators, will be designated a specific investigator who will be responsible for randomizing participants at the time of TENS application and performing the intervention do not allowing the investigators responsible for data collection know whether the patient will be BI or BC. After data collection, the same investigator will segregate the information from BC and BI keeping the subgroups identification in secret do not allowing the investigator who will perform the statistical analysis know what are the groups.

patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, undergoing parathyroidectomy, as a therapeutic intervention

patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, not undergoing parathyroidectomy and receiving conservative treatment. This group will be considered as control group.

patients undergoing thyroid surgery due to nontoxic multinodular goiter or solitary nontoxic thyroid adenoma. This group will be considered as control group.

healthy subjects. This group will be considered as control group.

Hyperparathyroidism, Primary

Parathyroidectomy

AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki

Alterations in Muscle's Functional Characteristics After Parathyroid Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Due to the fact that stapedius muscle is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body, the investigators tend to measure stapedius reflex in order to test the hypothesis that there is association between acoustic reflex improvement and parathyroidectomy for PHPT.

Cardiovascular system will be evaluated by measuring Left Ventricular Mass Index (LVMI)

The investigators will assess muscle strength using isokinetic dynamometers

Concerning evaluation of cardiovascular system, the investigators will also appraise the levels of hs-CRP

Concerning evaluation of cardiovascular system, the investigators will also monitor patients' blood pressure for 24 hours.

The investigators will conduct neurological clinical examination and assess motor nerve conduction velocity, using electroneurography and neuromuscular junction, using electromyography

Pasiekas' questionnaire will be used to assess participant's quality of life.

International Physical Activity questionnaire will be used to assess participant's physical activity.

fasciculation/прострация

Effects of Transcutaneous Nerve Electrostimulation (TENS) of Acupuncture Points on Pulmonary Function and Dyspnea Symptoms in Patients With Pulmonary Nodules

Alterations in Muscle's Functional Characteristics After Parathyroid Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Най-пълната база данни за лечебни билки, подкрепена от науката