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Characterization of uridine-diphosphate dependent flavonoid glucosyltransferase from Oryza sativa.

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We cloned a uridine-diphosphate dependent glycosyltransferase RUGT-10 from Oryza sativa. The recombinant enzyme was expressed by glutathione-S transferase gene fusion system in Escherichia coli. RUGT10 showed different regioselectivity depending on the structures of substrates (e.g. flavanone,

Genome-wide searches and molecular analyses highlight the unique evolutionary path of flavone synthase I (FNSI) in Apiaceae.

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Flavone synthase is a key enzyme for flavone biosynthesis and is encoded by two gene families: flavone synthase I (FNSI) and flavone synthase II (FNSII). FNSII is widely distributed in plants, while FNSI has been reported in rice (Oryza sativa) and seven species of Apiaceae. FNSI has likely evolved

Characterization of New Polyphenolic Glycosidic Constituents and Evaluation of Cytotoxicity on a Macrophage Cell Line and Allelopathic Activities of Oryza sativa.

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Four new constituents, as 5, 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol-3-O-β-d-arabinopyranosyl-(2''→1''')-O-β-d-arabinopyrnosyl-2'''-O-3'''', 7''''-dimethylnonan-1''''-oate (1), 5-hydroxy-7, 4'-dimethoxyflavone-5-O-α-d-arabinopyranosyl-(2"→1''')-O-α-d-arabinopyranosyl-2'''-O-3'''',

Molecular characterization of flavonoid malonyltransferase from Oryza sativa.

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In this study, a flavonoid malonyltransferase (OsMaT-2) was cloned from Oryza sativa, and the recombinant protein OsMaT-2 was purified via affinity chromatography. OsMaT-2 utilized a variety of flavonoid glucosides, including flavanone glucosides, flavone glucosides, flavonol glucosides, and

Disrupting Flavone Synthase II Alters Lignin and Improves Biomass Digestibility.

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Lignin, a ubiquitous phenylpropanoid polymer in vascular plant cell walls, is derived primarily from oxidative couplings of monolignols (p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols). It was discovered recently that a wide range of grasses, including cereals, utilize a member of the flavonoids, tricin

Recruitment of specific flavonoid B-ring hydroxylases for two independent biosynthesis pathways of flavone-derived metabolites in grasses.

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In rice (Oryza sativa), OsF2H and OsFNSII direct flavanones to independent pathways that form soluble flavone C-glycosides and tricin-type metabolites (both soluble and lignin-bound), respectively. Production of soluble tricin metabolites requires CYP75B4 as a chrysoeriol 5'-hydroxylase. Meanwhile,

Compartmentation and dynamics of flavone metabolism in dry and germinated rice seeds.

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Among secondary metabolites, flavonoids are particularly important for the plant life cycle and could be beneficial for human health. The study of Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa mutants showed that seed flavonoids are important for environmental adaptation, reactive oxygen species

Cytochrome P450 93G1 Is a Flavone Synthase II That Channels Flavanones to the Biosynthesis of Tricin O-Linked Conjugates in Rice.

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Flavones are a major class of flavonoids with a wide range of physiological functions in plants. They are constitutively accumulated as C-glycosides and O-linked conjugates in vegetative tissues of grasses. It has long been presumed that the two structural modifications of flavones occur through

CYP93G2 is a flavanone 2-hydroxylase required for C-glycosylflavone biosynthesis in rice.

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C-Glycosylflavones are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and many of them have beneficial effects on human health. They are a special group of flavonoid glycosides in which the sugars are C-linked to the flavone skeleton. It has been long presumed that C-glycosylflavones have a different biosynthetic

Selenium-Rich Ricegrass Juice Improves Antioxidant Properties and Nitric Oxide Inhibition in Macrophage Cells.

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Ricegrass juice (Oryza sativa L.) was introduced as a functional food as the consumption of sprouts or seedlings has been claimed to provide high nutritive value. Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that plays a key role in the human antioxidation scheme. Supplementation of Se into plants is one

Completion of Tricin Biosynthesis Pathway in Rice: Cytochrome P450 75B4 Is a Unique Chrysoeriol 5'-Hydroxylase.

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Flavones are ubiquitously accumulated in land plants, but their biosynthesis in monocots remained largely elusive until recent years. Recently, we demonstrated that the rice (Oryza sativa) cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP93G1 and CYP93G2 channel flavanones en route to flavone O-linked conjugates and

Simultaneous determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in rice using solid-phase extraction and RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection.

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An analytical method based on an optimized solid-phase extraction procedure and followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation with diode array detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic acids (gallic, protocatechuic, 4-hydroxy-benzoic,

The C-glycosylation of flavonoids in cereals.

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Flavonoids normally accumulate in plants as O-glycosylated derivatives, but several species, including major cereal crops, predominantly synthesize flavone-C-glycosides, which are stable to hydrolysis and are biologically active both in planta and as dietary components. An enzyme (OsCGT) catalyzing

Comprehensive profiling and natural variation of flavonoids in rice.

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Flavonoids constitute a major group of plant phenolic compounds. While extensively studied in Arabidopsis, profiling and naturally occurring variation of these compounds in rice (Oryza sativa), the monocot model plant, are less reported. Using a collection of rice germplasm, comprehensive profiling

Dissection of genotype-phenotype associations in rice grains using metabolome quantitative trait loci analysis.

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A comprehensive and large-scale metabolome quantitative trait loci (mQTL) analysis was performed to investigate the genetic backgrounds associated with metabolic phenotypes in rice grains. The metabolome dataset consisted of 759 metabolite signals obtained from the grains of 85 lines of rice (Oryza

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