giardiasis/tyrosine

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Sorting of encystation-specific cysteine protease to lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles in Giardia lamblia requires a conserved tyrosine-based motif.

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Encystation-specific cysteine protease (ESCP) was the first membrane-associated protein described to be part of the lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia. ESCP is homologous to cathepsin C enzymes of higher eukaryotes, but is distinguished from other lysosomal

Giardia duodenalis 14-3-3 protein is polyglycylated by a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like member and deglycylated by two metallocarboxypeptidases.

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The flagellated protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a parasite of the upper part of the small intestine of mammals, including humans, and an interesting biological model. Giardia harbors a single 14-3-3 isoform, a multifunctional protein family, that is modified at the C terminus by polyglycylation, an

Two tyrosine residues outside the editing active site in Giardia lamblia leucyl-tRNA synthetase are essential for the post-transfer editing.

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Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is responsible for the Leu-tRNA(Leu) synthesis. The connective peptide 1 (CP1) domain inserted into the Rossmann nucleotide binding fold possesses editing active site to hydrolyze the mischarged tRNA(Leu) with noncognate amino acid, then to ensure high fidelity of

Vacuolar protein sorting receptor in Giardia lamblia.

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In Giardia, lysosome-like peripheral vacuoles (PVs) need to specifically coordinate their endosomal and lysosomal functions to be able to successfully perform endocytosis, protein degradation and protein delivery, but how cargo, ligands and molecular components generate specific routes to the PVs

A purified ferredoxin from Giardia duodenalis.

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A ferredoxin has been purified to homogeneity from the ancient protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis. As far as we know, this is the first electron transport protein to be characterised from the organism. The ferredoxin exhibits absorption maxima at 296 and 406 nm with molar absorption coefficients

Encystation process of Giardia lamblia: morphological and regulatory aspects.

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One important step in the life cycle of the pathogenic protozoan Giardia lamblia is the transformation of the proliferative form, the trophozoite, into the non-proliferative cyst. This process, known as encystation, can be triggered in vitro. Morphological analysis showed that during

Low reduction potential cytochrome b5 isotypes of Giardia intestinalis.

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Despite lacking mitochondria and a known pathway for heme biosynthesis the micro-aerotolerant anaerobic protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis encodes four members of the cytochrome b5 family of electron transfer proteins, three of which are small, single-domain proteins. While these are similar in

Polyglycylation of tubulin in the diplomonad Giardia lamblia, one of the oldest eukaryotes.

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We have searched for post-translational modifications in tubulin of the diplomonad Giardia lamblia, which is a representative of the earliest branches in eukaryotic evolution. The carboxyterminal peptide of alpha-tubulin was isolated and characterized by automated sequencing and mass spectrometry.

Adaptor protein complex 1 mediates the transport of lysosomal proteins from a Golgi-like organelle to peripheral vacuoles in the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia.

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Giardia lamblia is an early branching protist that possesses peripheral vacuoles (PVs) with characteristics of lysosome-like organelles, located underneath the plasma membrane. In more evolved cells, lysosomal protein trafficking is achieved by cargo recognition involving adaptor protein (AP)

Posttranslational modifications of alpha- and beta-tubulin in Giardia lamblia, an ancient eukaryote.

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Tubulin of Giardia lamblia, a representative of the oldest eukaryotes, was screened for posttranslational modifications. Mass spectrometry of the carboxy-terminal peptides documents a large number of variants. Both alpha- and beta-tubulin show polyglycylation with up to 20 and 15 extra glycyl

Protozoan protein tyrosine phosphatases.

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The aim of this review is to provide a synthesis of the published experimental data on protein tyrosine phosphatases from parasitic protozoa, in silico analysis based on the availability of completed genomes and to place available data for individual phosphatases from different unicellular parasites

Post-translational glutamylation and tyrosination in tubulin of tritrichomonads and the diplomonad Giardia intestinalis.

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Glutamylated and tyrosinated tubulin were localized in Giardia intestinalis and selected trichomonads of the Tritrichomonadinae subfamily, using specific monoclonal antibodies directed at each of the post-translational modifications. Analysis was carried out using indirect immunofluorescence

Deficiency of antibody responses to T-independent antigens in gerbils---Meriones unguiculatus.

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Meriones unguiculatus commonly known as gerbils are widely used as animal models for a variety of parasitic infections such as Brugia malayi, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Toxoplasma gondi, Helicobacter pylori, Strongyloides stercoralis and Echinococcus multilocularis. Groups of BALB/c

Divergence of Erv1-associated mitochondrial import and export pathways in trypanosomes and anaerobic protists.

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In yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and animals, the sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1 functions with Mia40 in the import and oxidative folding of numerous cysteine-rich proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). Erv1 is also required for Fe-S cluster assembly in the cytosol, which uses at least

Localization and phosphorylation of Plasmodium falciparum nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (PfNMNAT) in intraerythrocytic stages.

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BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential molecule in the energy metabolism of living beings, and it has various cellular functions. The main enzyme in the biosynthesis of this nucleotide is nicotinamide/nicotinate mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT, EC 2.7.7.1/18)

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