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Homolateral cerebrocortical changes in neuropeptide and receptor expression after minimal cortical infarction.

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A cortical infarct of 2 mm diameter was obtained in the parietal cortex after a craniotomy, disruption of the dura mater and topical application of 3 M KCl. It has been shown previously that the presence of a small cortical infarct induces an increase in immediate early gene messenger RNA expression

Permanent increase of immunocytochemical reactivity for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid decarboxylase, mitochondrial enzymes, and glial fibrillary acidic protein in rat cerebral cortex damaged by early postnatal hypoxia-ischemia.

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A former study indicated that hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in rat sustained during early postnatal life may result in permanent epileptic activity in the baseline electroencephalogram. We, therefore, investigated whether the presumed higher firing frequency and metabolic activity of neurons in

Application of magnetic resonance imaging to the measurement of neurodegeneration in rat brain: MRI data correlate strongly with histology and enzymatic analysis.

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Focal brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. The volume of cerebral damage was determined 2 days later by MRI in vivo and in the same animals histologically. The edema volume as measured by MRI and the histologically determined infarction was highly correlated. As

Changes in striatal neuropeptides and GAD67 expression following a minimal cortical lesion.

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We have analyzed the effects of a small cortical infarct which is known to induce dramatic changes in gene expression in the entire cerebral cortex, on the gene expression in the striatum, a target structure of cortical neurons. Striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67) and enkephalin expressions

[Successful treatment with liraglutide in type 1 diabetes and MODY].

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METHODS A 22 year old obese woman with type 1 diabetes for 17 years and poor metabolic control despite continuous insulin infusion (case 1). Case 2 was a 16 year-old girl of normal weight in whom diabetes mellitus type 1 was diagnosed accidentally. Her 54 year old father was and had been treated for

Ultrastructural and functional characterization of satellitosis in the human lateral amygdala associated with Ammon's horn sclerosis.

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The amygdala displays neuronal cell loss and gliosis in human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Therefore, we investigated a certain type of gliosis, called satellitosis, in the lateral amygdala (LA) of TLE patients with Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS, n = 15) and non-AHS (n = 12), and in autopsy controls.

Estradiol alters only GAD67 mRNA levels in ischemic rat brain with no consequent effects on GABA.

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The present study tested the hypothesis that estradiol reduces tissue infarction after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in estradiol-deficient females by augmenting glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) expression and thus activity, leading to increases in gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) tissue

Sublethal transient global ischemia stimulates migration of neuroblasts and neurogenesis in mice.

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Increasing evidence has shown the potential of neuronal plasticity in adult brain after injury. Neural proliferation can be triggered by a focal sublethal ischemic preconditioning event; whether mild global ischemia could cause neurogenesis has been not clear. The present study investigated

[Progression of right internal carotid artery stenosis in ischemic stroke patient with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome: A case report].

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A 40-year-old man who presented with left hemiparesis was admitted to our hospital. He had tachycardia and a fever. He had a 25-year history of insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) images showed fresh infarction in the right hemisphere, and carotid ultrasonography

A latent autoimmune diabetes in adults patient manifesting severe musculoskeletal complications.

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Patients with diabetes have many different kinds of complications involving multiple organs, but those involving the musculoskeletal system are relatively uncommon. Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is a rare, painful, and potentially serious condition in patients with poorly controlled diabetes

Insights from a successful case of intrahepatic islet transplantation into a type 1 diabetic patient.

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We report a case of long-term (>4 yr) successful intrahepatic islet transplantation into a type 1 diabetic patient chronically immunosuppressed for a prior kidney graft. The exogenous insulin requirement decreased progressively after transplantation, and insulin treatment was withdrawn at 6 months.

Focal cerebral ischemia preferentially affects neurons distant from their neighboring microvessels.

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Developing cerebral infarction obscures the relationship of neurons to their local supply microvessels. We tested the notion that in the basal ganglia (i) an ordered relationship between neurons and their nearest neighboring microvessel exists, and (ii) focal ischemia predictably affects neuron

Dissociation of nNOS from PSD-95 promotes functional recovery after cerebral ischaemia in mice through reducing excessive tonic GABA release from reactive astrocytes.

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Mechanisms underlying functional recovery after stroke are little known, and effective drug intervention during the delayed stage is desirable. One potential drug target, the protein-protein interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), is

Enriched environment after focal cortical ischemia enhances the generation of astroglia and NG2 positive polydendrocytes in adult rat neocortex.

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Environmental enrichment (EE) alleviates sensorimotor deficits after brain infarcts but the cellular correlates are not well-known. This study aimed to test the effects of postischemic EE on neocortical cell genesis. A neocortical infarct was caused by distal ligation of the middle cerebral artery

Triiodothyronine modulates neuronal plasticity mechanisms to enhance functional outcome after stroke.

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The development of new therapeutic approaches for stroke patients requires a detailed understanding of the mechanisms that enhance recovery of lost neurological functions. The efficacy to enhance homeostatic mechanisms during the first weeks after stroke will influence functional outcome. Thyroid

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