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Increased interleukin-10 but unchanged insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks of (1, 3)(1, 6)-beta-glycan consumption in overweight humans.

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Obesity-induced insulin resistance has been suggested to be a systemic inflammatory condition with activation of the innate immune system. Animal studies indicate that certain dietary fibers such as (1,3)(1,6)-beta-D-glycans (BDG) have potent effects on immune activity such as increasing the

Insulin-mimicking bioactivities of acylated inositol glycans in several mouse models of diabetes with or without obesity.

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Insulin-mimetic species of low molecular weight are speculated to mediate some intracellular insulin actions. These inositol glycans, which are generated upon insulin stimulation from glycosylphosphatidylinositols, might control the activity of a multitude of insulin effector enzymes. Acylated

[Rapid changes in blood lipid parameters induced by glucuronyl glucosamine glycan sulfate in obese diabetic and hyperlipidemia patients].

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The major facilitator superfamily member Slc37a2 is a novel macrophage- specific gene selectively expressed in obese white adipose tissue.

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A marked degree of macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue (WAT) occurs in obesity and may link excess adiposity with the chronic inflammatory state underlying metabolic syndrome and other comorbidities of obesity. Excess deposition of fat in the intra-abdominal vs. subcutaneous WAT depots

Glucosyl and galactosyl transferase activities of diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mice kidneys.

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1. Glucosyl and galactosyl activities were determined in kidney cortex tissue prepared from two strains of mice, genetically diabetic and obese mice. 2. These activities were measured as a function of ageing between 6 weeks and 13 months. 3. For both strains glucosyl transferase activity was shown

Glycans affect DNA extraction and induce substantial differences in gut metagenomic studies.

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Exopolysaccharides produced by bacterial species and present in feces are extremely inhibitory to DNA restriction and can cause discrepancies in metagenomic studies. We determined the effects of different DNA extraction methods on the apparent composition of the gut microbiota using Illumina MiSeq

Hyperexpression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase-III in liver tissues of transgenic mice causes fatty body and obesity through severe accumulation of Apo A-I and Apo B.

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N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnT)-III catalyzes the attachment of an N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue to mannose in beta(1-4) configuration in the region of N-glycans and forms a bisecting GlcNAc. To investigate the pathophysiological role of dysregulated glycosylation mediated by aberrantly

Presence of BPIFB1 in saliva from non-obese diabetic mice.

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We previously showed that mRNA expression of BPIFB1 (Bpifb1), an antibacterial protein in the palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone protein family, was increased in parotid acinar cells in non-obese diabetic (NOD, NOD/ShiJcl) mice, which is an animal model for Sjögren's syndrome. However, we did

N-glycan based biomarker distinguishing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis from steatosis independently of fibrosis.

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BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a spectrum of disorders ranging from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Steatosis of the liver is benign, whereas NASH can progress to cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, a liver biopsy is the only validated method to

Insulin resistance in genetically obese (fa/fa) rats: changes in the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol signaling system in isolated hepatocytes.

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In different types of mammalian cells, insulin has been shown to promote the release of an inositol phosphate glycan (InsP-glycan) through the hydrolysis of a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (glycosyl-PtdIns). This InsP-glycan, which has been demonstrated to be taken up by intact cells, may mediate

Mechanisms underlying the cardiometabolic protective effect of walnut consumption in obese people: A cross-over, randomized, double-blind, controlled inpatient physiology study.

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To assess the effects of walnuts on cardiometabolic outcomes in obese people and to explore the underlying mechanisms using novel methods including metabolomic, lipidomic, glycomic and microbiome analysis, integrated with lipid particle fractionation, appetite-regulating hormones and

Genome-wide Analysis Reveals DNA Methylation Alterations in Obesity Associated with High Risk of Colorectal Cancer.

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Obesity is a high risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). The contribution of underlying epigenetic mechanisms to CRC and the precise targets of epigenetic alterations during cancer development are largely unknown. Several types of epigenetic processes have been described, including DNA

Cecal versus fecal microbiota in Ossabaw swine and implications for obesity.

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The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the onset and progression of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. However, it is not well documented whether the cecal vs. the fecal microbiome is more relevant when assessing their contributions to these diseases. Here, we amplified the V4 region of the

Control of T Cell-mediated autoimmunity by metabolite flux to N-glycan biosynthesis.

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Autoimmunity is a complex trait disease where the environment influences susceptibility to disease by unclear mechanisms. T cell receptor clustering and signaling at the immune synapse, T cell proliferation, CTLA-4 endocytosis, T(H)1 differentiation, and autoimmunity are negatively regulated by

Hyposialylated IgG activates endothelial IgG receptor FcγRIIB to promote obesity-induced insulin resistance.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common complication of obesity. Here, we have shown that activation of the IgG receptor FcγRIIB in endothelium by hyposialylated IgG plays an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. Despite becoming obese on a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking

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