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Plasma beta-phenylethylamine in Parkinson's disease.

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Plasma beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) levels were determined in 27 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) in order to evaluate its relation with the severity or clinical course of PD. The plasma PEA concentrations in PD patients were significantly lower (mean +/- SD, 862 +/- 554 pg/ml) than those in

Conformational equilibrium and hydrogen bonding in liquid 2-phenylethylamine explored by Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.

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2-Phenylethylamine (PEA) is the simplest aromatic amine neurotransmitter, as well as one of the most important. In this work, the conformational equilibrium and hydrogen bonding in liquid PEA were studied by means of Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations (DFT/MP2). By changing the

Coupled electron-nuclear dynamics: charge migration and charge transfer initiated near a conical intersection.

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Coupled electron-nuclear dynamics, implemented using the Ehrenfest method, has been used to study charge migration with fixed nuclei, together with charge transfer when nuclei are allowed to move. Simulations were initiated at reference geometries of neutral benzene and 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), and

[Localization of non-monoaminergic aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase neurons (D-neurons) in the human striatum and their functional significance].

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It has recently been reported that the human corpus striatum, especially its ventral part, named as the nucleus accumbens, contains numerous non-monoaminergic aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; the second-step monoamine synthesizing enzyme) neurons (D-neurons). D-neurons are the neurons

Significance of human striatal D-neurons: implications in neuropsychiatric functions.

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The human striatum, especially its ventral part, the nucleus accumbens (Acc), contains numerous nonmonoaminergic aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) [=dopa decarboxylase (DDC)] neurons (D-neurons). AADC is the second-step synthesizing enzyme for monoamines and is also the rate-limiting enzyme

[Human striatal D-neurons and their significance].

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It has recently been reported that the human striatum, especially its ventral part, the nucleus accumbens, contains numerous neurons immunoreactive for aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC; the second-step monoamine synthesizing enzyme), but not for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; the first-step

Polymeric sulfated amino acid surfactants: a class of versatile chiral selectors for micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and MEKC-MS.

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In this work, three amino acid-derived (l-leucinol, l-isoleucinol, l-valinol) sulfated chiral surfactants are synthesized and polymerized. These chiral sulfated surfactants are thoroughly characterized to determine critical micelle concentration, aggregation number, polarity, optical rotation, and

Polymeric alkenoxy amino acid surfactants: V. Comparison of carboxylate and sulfate head group polymeric surfactants for enantioseparation in MEKC.

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In this work, six amino acid derived (L-leucinol, L-leucine, L-isoleucinol, L-isoleucine, L-valinol, and L-valine) polymeric chiral surfactants with carboxylate and sulfate head groups that were recently synthesized in our laboratory [30, 33, 35] are compared for the simultaneous enantioseparation

Partial characterization of monoamine oxidase in the salivary gland of rats.

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Changes in the substrate specificity of monoamine oxidase in the rat submaxillary gland were examined after ligation of the excretory duct and after denervation by postganglionic sympathectomy. Atrophy of the parenchymal cells after ligation of the excretory duct was observed, but such was not so

Glutamatergic involvement in psychomotor stimulant action.

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The sympathomimetic psychomotor stimulants, including cocaine, amphetamines, and the phenylethylamine amphetamine-like derivatives, exert actions in mammalian systems that implicate involvement of the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate and its receptors. Despite evidence that psychomotor

Type A monoamine oxidase is the target of an endogenous dopaminergic neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol, leading to apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells.

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Mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been considered to be involved in neuronal degeneration either by increased oxidative stress or protection with the inhibitors of type B MAO (MAO-B). In this paper, the role of type A MAO (MAO-A) in apoptosis was studied using human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y

Antioxidant defense in rat brain after chronic treatment with anorectic drugs.

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Mazindol (5-hydroxy-5-p-chlorophenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-imidazo-2,1-a-isoindole) although not chemically related to the phenylethylamine group, shows a pharmacological profile similar to that of amphetamines. In rats these anorectic drugs enhance dopamine (DA) turnover, which is the mechanism that

The relevance of glial monoamine oxidase-B and polyamines to the action of selegiline in Parkinson's disease.

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Dopamine and 2-phenylethylamine levels in striatal tissue are known to be increased after administration of selegiline (L-deprenyl), but it is still difficult to explain why this treatment induces longevity or dopaminergic neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. In the absence of significant

Trace amines: identification of a family of mammalian G protein-coupled receptors.

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Tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, tryptamine, and octopamine are biogenic amines present in trace levels in mammalian nervous systems. Although some "trace amines" have clearly defined roles as neurotransmitters in invertebrates, the extent to which they function as true neurotransmitters in

Plasma Biomarkers for Monitoring Brain Pathophysiology in FMR1 Premutation Carriers.

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Premutation carriers have a 55-200 CGG expansion in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Currently, 1.5 million individuals are affected in the United States, and carriers are at risk of developing the late-onset neurodegenerative disorder Fragile X-associated tremor ataxia syndrome

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